tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31510195753025649362024-02-20T08:41:32.197-08:00Meisya's BlogAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.comBlogger27125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-31071857766814082792013-07-04T20:34:00.000-07:002013-07-04T20:34:31.159-07:00Download Lagu dan lirik Cakra Khan 'Setelah kau Tiada'<pre style="color: purple;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tak sempat ku mengerti, kau tunjukkan arah saat ku tersesat
Beri cahaya saat ku sendiri dalam gelap, namun waktu tak pernah rela menunggu
Hingga akhirnya kau pun pergi
Terlambat kusadari kau teramat berarti
Terlambat tuk kembali dan tuk menanti
Kesempatan kedua yang takkan mungkin pernah ada
Baru kuterima kau hembuskan angin saat ku bernafas
Siramkan air saat aku dalam kekeringan, namun tak pernah ku hiraukan semuanya
Hingga kinipun kau tiada
Terlambat kusadari kau teramat berarti
Terlambat tuk kembali dan tuk menanti
Kesempatan kedua yang takkan mungkin pernah ada
Biarkan ku hidup dalam penyesalan ini
Sampai nanti kau akan kembali
Terlambat kusadari kau teramat berarti
Terlambat tuk kembali dan tuk menanti
Kesempatan kedua yang takkan mungkin pernah ada</span></pre>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-12938023324761111422013-04-28T21:38:00.000-07:002013-05-06T19:58:42.606-07:00Desain Grafis<div style="color: purple;">
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"></span></span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Desain g<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span>fis<b>
</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">adalah su<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span>tu
be<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">n</span>tuk <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">k</span>omuni<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">k</span>asi visual <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">y</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">n</span>g
<span style="mso-font-width: 104%;">men<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">g</span>guna<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">k</span>an </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">g</span>am<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">b</span>ar u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">n</span>tuk me<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">ny</span>ampai<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">k</span>an i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">f</span>ormasi <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">at</span>au
pesan se<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">f</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">k</span>tif <span style="mso-font-width: 104%;">mungkin</span></span><span style="color: #00009a; font-size: 6.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-width: 104%; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 6.5pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>
Seni
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>desain <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>grafis <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mencakup <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kemampuan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kognitif <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>keterampilan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>visual, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>termasuk <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di dalamnya <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>typografi, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ilustrasi, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>photografi, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pengolahan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gambar, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan tata letak.</div>
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<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span> Unsur-unsur desain grafis : <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Shape,
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bentuk <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Form), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tekstur, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Garis, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ruang <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Warna.</div>
<div style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
6<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span> Prinsip-prinsip desain grafis :<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keseimbangan
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(balance), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ritme<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>(rhytim), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kontras, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tekanan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(emphasis), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proporsi (Proportion), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kesatuan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(unity).</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b>Software-software yang biasa digunakan dalam desain grafis :</div>
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<b> Desktop
Publishing:</b></div>
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-Adobe
photoshop, Adobe Ilustrator, Adobe in design, page maker, CorelDRAW, Inkscape</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Web design:</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
-Macromedia
dream weaver, Microsoft front page,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>adobe photoshop.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Audio Visual</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
-Adobe <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>after effect, adobe premier, final cut, adobe
flash, Power director.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rendering 3D</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
-3D studio mak,
Maya, auto card, Blender.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-83861008238508072152013-04-04T22:08:00.000-07:002013-05-06T20:00:23.056-07:00MS.Acces 2003<div style="color: purple;">
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dalam
microsoft access 2003, tiap database tersimpan dalam sebuah file dengan
ekstensi.mdb. Tiap object dalam database disimpan dalam file ini. Jadi satu
file berisi semua object dalam database Anda. Lalu bagaimana cara mengaktifkan Microsoft
Access ? berikut langkah – langkahnya:<br />
1. Klik start, all program.<br />
2. Ketika muncul jendela microsoft access, klik create a new
file , bkank database.<br />
3. Tentukan folder sebagai tempat untuk menyimpan. Jika sudah
ada klik open, jika belum buat foldernya terlebih dahulu.<br />
4. Masukkan nama file, klik create<br />
5. Pada jendela object, klik table, pilih design in view,
klik design untuk membuat kolom- kolom yang akan dibuat.<br />
6. Masukkan nama field dan type data yang sesuai. <br />
7. Simpan, klik gambar disket, masukkan nama filenya, ok.<br />
Pada jendela object, terdiri dari beberapa bagian yaitu:<br />
</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><div style="color: purple;">
1. Tables :</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Kumpulan data tentang subject/topik tertentu yang disusun dalam bentuk kolom
utama dari sebuah database.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
2. Queries :</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Digunakan untuk mencari dan menampilkan data yang memenuhi syarat
tertentu dari satu tabel / lebih</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
3. Form :</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Digunakan untuk menampilkan data, mengisi data dan mengubah data yang ada dalam
tabel</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
4. Report :</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Digunakan untuk menampilkan laporan hasil analisis data</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
5. Pages : </div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Digunakan untuk membuat halaman web</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
6. Macros :</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Digunakan untuk mengotomisasi perintah – perintah yang sering digunakan dalam
mengolah data</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
7. Modulus :</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Digunakan untuk perancangan berbagai modul aplikasi pengolahan database</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Macam – macam tipe data pada Access 2003 :</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
1. Text</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Jenis data yang diterima ataupun disimpan dapat berupa teks, angka, spasi dan
tanda baca. Jika angka yang dimasukkan dengan tipe data ini, maka angka yang
dimaksudkan tidak dapat dijumlahkan karena angka dibaca sebagai teks. Panjang
maksimal type field adalah 255 karakter dengan type default.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
2. Memo</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Jenis data yang dapat menyimpan karakter dengan panjang maksimal 65535
karakter.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
3. Date/time</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Jenis data yang disimpan dalam tipe ini adalah format tanggal dengan besar
memory 8 byte. Jenis tampilan tanggal dapat dipilih pada kombo box general.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
4. Currency</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Jenis tipe data yang digunakan untuk menyimpan angka dalam format mata uang
dengan besar memory 4 byte.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
5. Auto Number</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Jenis tipe data menampilkan nomor yang secara otomatis muncul tanpa ditulis</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
6. Yes/No</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Tipe data ini berisikan data yes/no, benar/salah, ya atau tidak</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
7. Ole Object</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Jenis tipe data ini dapat memuat gambar, grafis, video dan suara dengan ukuran
maksimal 1 Gb.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
8. Hyperlink</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Jenis tipe data yang berisikan alamat hyperlink URL dengan panjang maksimal
64000 karakter</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
9. Lookup Wizard</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-88647403534241368992013-03-04T20:48:00.000-08:002013-05-06T20:09:11.304-07:00Menggabungkan Audio ke dalam sajian Multimedia I<div style="color: purple;">
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tugas Mandiri 1</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sebutkan jenis-jenis file audio digital!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: MP3, AMR,
WAV, AAC, MIDI, WMA, MP4, 3GP, AVI, WMV</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Berikan contoh software yang dapat digunakan untuk memutar
file MP3!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">33.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apa yang anda ketahui mengenai format file AMR (Adaptive
Multi Rate)?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: adalah file
audio codec yang terkompresi, berukuran sangat kecil.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">44.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan tentang format file MP3!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: merupakan
file video hasil rendering dari kompilasi file terkompresi MP3 dan file video
standard resolusi PAL dan NTSC video dengan ukuran lebih kecil dari MPEG.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">55.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apa bedanya antara file MP4 dan file MP3?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: MP3
merupakan file musik sedangkan MP4 merupakan file musik dan video.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ulangan Harian 1</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Berilah tanda
silang (x) pada huruf a, b, c, d atau e di depan jawaban yang benar!</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Reproduksi suara dari sinyal digital yang telah di rubah ke
asalnya menjadi sinyal analog di sebut ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Musik analogis<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>d.
Audio sintetis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Musik digital<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">e. digilab</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Musik MP3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Ide mengenai penggunaan piringan hitam berasal dari ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Thomas A Edison<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>d.
Steve Jb</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Charles Cros</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Albert Simon</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Bill Gates</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">33.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Alat yang berfungsiuntuk memutar piringan hitam adalah ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Telegram<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
MP3 player</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Monograph<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Audio digital player</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Phonograph</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">44.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Tokoh yang menemukan pemutar piringan hitam adalah ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Charles Cros<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>d.
Albert Simon</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Bill Gates<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">e. Thomas A Edison</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Steve Jb</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><div style="color: purple;">
5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Peralatan audio ini di perkenalkan oleh Philips sebagai
media penyimpanan audio di Eropa pada tahun 1963 ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Compact Audio
Cassette</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>d.
AAC</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Digital Audio Tape<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>e.
Windows Media Player</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">MP3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">66.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Format musik ini merupakan rekaman digital yang memakai pita
magnetik, tapi sayang waktu kemunculannya di pasaran luas kedahuluan rekaman
digital pada kepingan CD ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Digital Audio Tape</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>d.
Windows Media Player</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">MP3<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
MPEG</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">AAC</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">77.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Format audio file ini menjadi format paling populer dalam
musik digital ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">AAC<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">d. MP3</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Windows Media Player<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>e.
WAV</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">MPEG</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">88.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Di bawah ini merupakan format file merupakan standar suara
de-facto di windows ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">MPEG<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
AAC</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">MP3<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
WMA</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">WAV</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">99.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Format ini di sukai para vendor musik online karena
dukungannya terhadap Digital Rights Management (DRM) ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">MP3<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">d. WMA</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">WAV<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Ogg Vorbis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">AAC</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">110.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Di bawah ini
merupakan satu-satunya format file yang terbuka dan gratis ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">WAV<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">d. Ogg Vorbis</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">AAC<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Real Audio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">WMA</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">111.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Fenomena fisik yang
di hasilkan oleh getaran benda adalah sebagai berikut ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Warna<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Frekuensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Suara</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Velocity</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Timbre</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">112.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Gelombang mempunyai
pola sama yang berulang pada interval tertentu yang di sebut sebagai ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Frekuensi<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
velocity</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Periode</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>e. Intensitas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Amplitudo</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">113.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Banyaknya periode
dalam hitungan satu detik di sebut ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Periode<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Intensitas </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Amplitudo<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">e. Frekuensi</b> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Velocity</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">114.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Panjang gelombang
suara (wavelength) di rumuskan sebagai berikut ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">c/f<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
a/m</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">s/f<span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span>e.
d/f</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">c/h</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">115.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Pendengaran manusia
terletak pada frekuensi berikut ini ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">0Hz - 20Hz<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>d.
1GHz - 10THz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">20Hz - 20KHz</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
15THz – 20THz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">20KHz - 1GHz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">116.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Bunyi mulai dapat
merusak telinga jika tingkat volumenya lebih besar dari ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">25 dB<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
50 dB</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">30 dB<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">e. 85 dB</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">40 dB</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">117.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Suara akan mampu
membuat hancur gendang telinga jika tingkat volumenya lebih besar dari ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">30 dB<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
85 dB</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">40 dB<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">e. 130 dB</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">50 dB</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">118.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Manusia membuat
suara dengan frekuensi sebagai berikut ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">20KHz - 1 GHz<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">d. 50Hz - 10KHz</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">1 GHz - 10 THz<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>e. 20Hz - 20KHz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">15GHz - 20 THz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">119.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Suara yang berada
pada range pendengaran manusia sebagai ‘audio’ dan gelombangnya sebagai ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Noise<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Getaran bunyi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Accoustic Signal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>e.
Gelombang </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sinyal </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">220.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Keras lemahnya
bunyi atau tinggi rendhnya gelombang di sebut ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Frekuensi<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Velocity</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Periode<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Intensitas </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Amplitude </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawablah pertanyaan
di bawah ini dengan jawaban yang jelas dan benar!</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan yang di maksud dengan musik digital!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: adalah sinyal digital dalam proses reproduksi
suaranya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Siapakah tokoh penemu Phonograph?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: Thomas A Edison</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan format file MP3!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: format paling populer dalam musik digital, ukurannya
sangat kecil namun kualitasnya tidak kalah dengan CD audio.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apa yang anda ketahui tentang format file WAV?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: file audio yang tidak terkompres dan berukuran besar
berbasis track audio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan kelebihan format WMA!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: decoder/streaming processor lebih tinggi di atas
decoder MP3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan format OggVerbs!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: merupakan satu-satunya format file yang terbuka dan
gratis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apa yang anda ketahui tentang format audio MIDI?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: merupakan file yang berisi tangga nada audio yang
kemudian di terjemahkan oleh instrument interface dari sebuah processor/audio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan keunggulan musik dalam format digital!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: - format yang beragam dapat di sesuaikan dengan teknologi yang di
gunakan, kualitas copy serupa dengan master memudahkan penggandaan tanpa
menurunkan mutu, proses penjualan dengan single lebih efektif dan efisien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apa kelemahan dari musik digital?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: kemudahan perekaman memicu pembajakan, penyebaran musik digital di
internet tidak bisa sepenuhnya di kontrol oleh label</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan pengertian suara!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: adalah fenomena fisik yang di hasilkan oleh getaran benda</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Perbaikan </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan karakteristik file format AMR!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: file audio codec yang terkompresi, berekstensi AMR, berukuran kecil,
menyesuaikan dengan CPU</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan mengapa file WAV disebut file universal!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: karena bisa di kompresi ke beberapa jenis file audio/format audio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apa yang anda ketahui tentang file 3GP?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: merupakan file video standard yang di gunakan dalam perangkat mobile</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan format file AVI!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: merupakan file hasil rendering dan kompilasi file audio dan cideo
dengan standar PAL dan NTSC video dengan ukuran yang lebih besar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apa yang di maksud dengan amplitude?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: keras lembutnya atau tinggi rendahnya gelombang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Pengayaan </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan pembagian suara berdasarkan frekuensinya!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: infrasound = 0Hz - 20Hz, pendengaran manusia = 20Hz - 20KHz,
ultrasound = 20KHz - 1 GHz, hypersound = 1 GHz - 10 THz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan frekuensi suara manusia!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: manusia membuat suara dengan frekuensi 50Hz - 10KHz, batas
pendengaran manusia 20Hz - 20KHz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sebutkan satuan amplitudo!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: desibel (dB)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan volume bunyi yang dapat merusak telinga!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: dari 85 dB sampai 130 dB mampu membuat hancur gendang telinga</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apa yang di maksud dengan velocity!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: kecepatan perambatan gelombang bunyi sampai ke telinga pendengar</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-81493741683092103542013-03-04T20:38:00.000-08:002013-03-04T21:01:24.623-08:00Menggabungkan Audio ke dalam sajian Multimedia II<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tugas
Mandiri 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apakah fungsi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>radio
penerima AM/FM?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: untuk menerima siaran
radio yang di pancarkan oleh stasiun pemancar radio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan rentang frekuensi untuk penerima AM!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: 530KHz - 1800KHz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ulangan Harian 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Berilah tanda
silang (x) pada huruf a, b, c, d atau e di depan jawaban yang benar!</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Perangkat elektronika yang menghasilkan frekuensi suara yang
dapat di dengar oleh manusia baik untuk rumah tangga, otomotif, perkantoran,
rumah sakit ataupun fasilitas umum ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Peralatan Audio<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">d. Peralatan fotografi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Peralatan Vidio <span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Peralatan digital</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Peralatan desain grafis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Simbol ini di maksudkan untuk memperingatkan pengguna
terhadap adanya tegangan tinggi di dalam yang tidak terisolasi ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Tanda seru<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Tanda X</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Petir<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">e. Gelas </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Api</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">33.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Tanda dalam segitiga dimaksudkan untuk memperingatkan
pengguna terhadap adanya instruksi penting pengoperasian dan perawatan penting
dalam literature yang menyertai produk ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Api<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">d. Tanda seru</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Tanda X<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Petir </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Gelas </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">44.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Berikut ini merupakan alat yang dapat mengkonversi energi
dari suatu bentuk ke dalam yang lain ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Equalizer<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Multiplayer </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Amplifier<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Speaker </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Tranduser</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a>5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Bagian ini mencakup bagaimana sinyal audio di ciptakan,
dapat berupa sumber langsung seperti mikropon atau peralatan musik atau
memainkan kembali (playback) sumber seperti tape deck, CD, dan lainnya ...</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sumber </span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Input </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Proses<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Output </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Keluaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">66.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Peralatan ini berfungsi menkonversi gelombang suara menjadi
sinyal audio ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Speaker<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Mixer </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Mikropon</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Amplifier </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Equalizer </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">77.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Tombol ini berfungsi untuk mengaktifkan dan menonaktifkan
mikropon ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">On/Off</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Shift </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Play<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Eject</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Record</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">88.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Suara dominan treble atau dominan bass dapat di atur dengan
alat berikut ini ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Equalizer<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>d.
Speaker </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Mixer<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Mikropon</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Amplifier </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">99.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Bagian ini mencakup bagaimana sinyal dimanipulasi sesuai dengan
tujuan yang iinginkan ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Input </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Proses</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Output </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Keluaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">110.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sumber sinyal audio
dapat berasal dari alat berikut ini ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Mikropon<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Keyboard </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Gitar listrik<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Amplifier</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Drum set</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">111.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Peralatan berikut
ini digunakan untuk mencampur sinyal audio dari berbagai sumber ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Equalizer<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Speaker </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Mixer audio</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Mikropon</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Amplifier </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">112.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Peralatan audio
yang berfungsi menguatkan sinyal audio sehingga mampu menggetarkan speaker
adalah ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Equalizer<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>d.
Speaker </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Mixer audio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>e. Mikropon</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Power speaker</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">113.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Tombol record dan
play ditekan secara bersamaan pada cassette record berfungsi untuk ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Melakukan perekaman</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>d.
Menghapus isi kaset</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Memutar lagu<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Memformat kaset</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Menghentikan suara kaset</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">114.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Berikut ini
merupakan peralatan audio yang berfungsi untuk memainkan CD (compact disk) ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Winamp media player<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>d.
Tape recorder</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Compact disk player</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>e.
Mixer audio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Windows media player</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">115.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Pada pemutar kaset
magnetik portable dikenal istilah ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Ipad<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">d. discman</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Walkman<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Power player</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Itune</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">116.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Rentang frekuensi
untuk penerima AM adalah ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">330KHz – 1200KHz<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">d. 530KHz – 1800KHz</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">430KHz – 1400KHz<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>e.
630KHz – 1900KHZ</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">480KHz – 1500KHz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">117.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Pemilihan siaran
dari stasiun pemancar radio yang diinginkan menggunakan tombol ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Play<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>d. Eject </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Record<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>e.
Split</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Tuning (penala)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">118.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Radio komunikasi
yang paling sederhana dikenal dengan nama ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">HT<span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span>d.
Iphone </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Walky talky</span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Skype</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Hand phone</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">119.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Untuk mengatasi
panas yang tinggi pada power amplifier diperlukan ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Heatsink<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>d.
Toa </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Power supply<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Nitro power</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Onboard</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">220.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Pengaturan
frekuensi yang diinginkan menggunakan alat berikut ini ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Equalizer<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>d.
Speaker </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Mixer audio<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>e.
Mikropon</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Power amplifier</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawablah pertanyaan
di bawah ini dengan jawaban yang jelas dan benar!</span></i><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apakah yang dimaksud dengan peralatan audio?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: perangkat elektronika yang menghasilkan frekuensi
suara yang dapat didengar oleh manusia</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sebutkan dua komponen pembentuk sistem bunyi!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: tranduser dan amplifier</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan mengenai tranduser!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: adalah alat yang dapat mengkonversi energi dari suatu
bentuk ke dalam bentuk lain</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apakah yang dimaksud dengan sumber pada sistem audio?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: mencakup
bagaimana sinyal audio diciptakan dapat berupa sumber langsung atau memainkan
kembali sumber</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan fungsi amplifier!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: untuk
menguatkan sinyal audio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan fungsi keluaran pada sistem audio!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: mencakup
bagaimana sinyal dikonversi menjadi gelombang suara (dengan speaker) sehingga
dapat didengar telinga manusia</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan fungsi equalizer!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: untuk
mengatur frekuensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan ciri-ciri speaker aktif!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: memerlukan
sumber AC sehingga terdapat tombol ON/OFF untuk power dan tombol kontrol volume</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apakah fungsi mixer audio?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: mencampur
sinyal audio dari beberapa sumber.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.35pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan fungsi compact disk player!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: untuk
memainkan CD (compact disk)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Perbaikan</span></i><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.8pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan masukan dan keluaran power amlifier amplitude?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: masukan merupakan bagian yang menghubungkn power
amplifier dengan sumber sinyal audio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 10.9pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Keluaran merupakan bagian yang
akan dihubungkan dengan speaker</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.8pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskn fungsi cassette recorder ...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: merekam sinyal audio ke dalam sebuah kaset</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.8pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sebutkan perbedaan CD player dengan tape!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: tape
menggunakan media kaset sedangkan CD player menggunakan CD</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.8pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Sebutkan fungsi radio AM/FM!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: menerima
siaran radio yang dipancarkan oleh stasiun pemancar radio</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.8pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apakah keuntungan menggunakan radio komunikasi?</span></div>
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<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Jawab: </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Pengayaan </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Mengapa perlu membaca buku manual sebelum mengoperasikan
suatu peralatan audio?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: agar tidak terjadi kesalahan /hal yang tidak
diinginkan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan peralatan audio minimal yang perlu di persiapkan
bila akan mengadakan pertunjukan musik!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Apakah fungsi dari mixer audio?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: untuk mencampur sinyal audio dari berbagai sumber</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan tentang speaker aktif dan speaker pasif!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: speaker pasif, sinyal masukan dihubungkan lengsung
dengan speaker. Speaker aktif, memerlukan sumber AC sehingga ada tombol ON/OFF
dan kontrol volume</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jelaskan penggunaan radio penerima AM/FM!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 43.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Jawab: </span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-9342759923363187812013-02-12T22:34:00.000-08:002013-02-12T22:40:04.502-08:00Fitur-Fitur pada Kamera DSLR<div style="color: purple;">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rana/Kecepatan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ranaadalahtirai yang
bergerakturunnaik di dalam kamera danberfungsiuntukmengaturberapa
lama film hendakdisinari.Ada
beberaparanadalam kamera.Diantaranyaranacelahdanranapusat.Ranacelahadaduayaitu:
ranacelah vertical dan horizontal. Sedangranapusatadalahrana yang
terletakpadalensaletaknyaberdampingandengan diafragma danmenutupnyadengancaramemusat.
Besaranranadiwakilioleh nomor: B-1-2-4-8-15-30-60-125-250-500-1000-2000.
Besarkecilnyasatuanranadapatditentukansendiridenganmengaturbesardankecilnyasatuanranadanbesarnya diafragma.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">P
– Mode Program</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
inidigunakanuntukmengontrol exposure (jumlahcahaya yang
masukkedalam kamera).Secaraotomatis kamera mengaturnilaikecepatan shutter dan diafragma (f-stop)
berdasarpadakondisicahaya. Mode program
mempermudahdalammemotretotomatisdenganaksespenuhpadasemuapilihan (option).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diafragma</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diafragma adalahlubangdalamlensa kamera tempatcahayamasuksaatmelakukanpemotretan.Dalamprakteknya diafragma dilambangkanolehbeberapaangka
yang mewakilibesarnyabukaanpadalensa, angka-angkatersebutantara lain
2,8-4-5,6-8-11-16-22. Akan tetapibesaranangka-angkatersebutbisaberbeda-bedatergantungjenislensa
yang dipakai.Cara
kerja diafragma inimenggunakansistemterbalikjadisemakinkecilangkanyasemakinbesarbukaannyadansemakinbesarangkanyasemakinkecilbukaannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M
– Full Manual Control (Kontrol Manual Penuh)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
inibiasanyadirepresentasikandenganhuruf “M” di dial mode kamera. Di mode
manual,
fotografermemilikikontrolpenuhataspengaturankecepatan shutter dan diafragma.Kontrol
manual
penuhhadirmengingatfotograferseringkalitidakpuasdenganinterpretasi kamera menyangkutpengukurancahaya,
baik di mode prioritas shutter dan diafragma,
ataujikamemangberniatmendapatkangambar yang
kurangataulebihcahayasebagaiefekartistik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ISO</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ISO
adalahsingkatandari International Standard Organization akantetapiada
pula sebagian orang yang menyebutnya ASA (American Standard Association).
Fungsi ISO pada kamera adalahsebagai standard yang
digunakanuntukmengindikasikanbesarkepekaan film
terhadapcahaya.Semakinkecilangka ISO,
semakinrendahkepekaannyaterhadapcahaya.Kepekaancahayainisangatmenjadiprioritasdalampemotretan.Biasanyabilakitainginmemotretpadasuasanacahaya
yang terangmaka, gunakan ISO 100 atau film dengan kecepatan rendah.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Flash</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fungsi flash
pada kamera adalahsebagaialatbantupencahayaanapabilaintensitascahaya
di sekitarkurang, akantetapisetiaplampu flash punyakemampuan yang berbeda-beda.
Untukjenis kamera sakujarakjangkauanlampu flash hanyaberkisarantara 2
sampai 5 meter. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S
– Shutter Priority (Prioritas Shutter)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
prioritas shutter biasanyadilambangkandenganhuruf “S” di dial
mode kamera. Di mode ini, fotograferbisamengaturkecepatan shutter yang
diinginkan,
sementara kamera memilihpengaturan diafragma secaraotomatisuntukmenghasilkanpengukurancahaya
yang tepatterkaitkecepatan shutter yang dipilih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macro</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fitur yang
satuinibiasanyasudahtertanam di dalam kamera saku.Fungsidarifituriniadalahmerubahfungsilensa
yang standarmenjadilensa macro agar kamera sapatmenangkapobjek yang
kecildenganjarakdekat.Jarakumumpenggunaanfitur macro adalah 10 cm dariobyek
yang akankitapotret.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Program Auto (P)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tidak
perlu penjelasan apapun, pada intinya kita percayakan pemilihan keseluruhan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">setting</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shutter-aperture</i>-ISO-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">White
Balance</i> & <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Flash</i> jika ada)
pada otak di kamera. Kamera akan berusaha menebak karakteristik seluruh objek
dalam frame serta kondisi cahayanya lalu menentukan semua besaran <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">setting</i> diatas. Mode ini efektif untuk
pemula, tetapi hanya menghasilkan foto yang benar namun bukan luar biasa.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Portrait</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kamera
akan memilih <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">depth of field</i> ( DOF )
yang sempit (angka <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aperture</i>
sekecil-kecilnya) sehingga objek yang di foto akan terisolasi dari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">background</i>, sehingga ruang fokus hanya
akan berada pada objek saja sementara <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">background</i>
terlihat kabur. Mode ini biasanya dilambangkan dengan ikon foto orang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">close-up</i>. Sangat baik untuk pemotretan
manusia atau model.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Macro </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
( biasa dilambangkan dengan ikon bunga ) ini diperlukan saat kita ingin
mengambil foto benda-benda kecil dari jarak dekat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">close- up</i>). Dengan mode ini, kita bisa mendekatkan ujung lensa
sedekat-dekatnya ( biasanya antara 2-8 cm dari objek ) sehingga benda sekecil
apapun akan terlihat cukup besar dan detail. Dalam jarak sedekat ini, kita
harus mengusahakan agar bidang objek yang difoto sejajar dengan kamera, dan
sebisa mungkin menggunakan tripod sehingga hasilnya tajam dan bidang fokusnya
cukup. Akan saya pakai saat:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret bunga, serangga, kupu-kupu, atau uang koin.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret makanan sehingga memenuhi seluruh frame foto saya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Sport</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
ini dirancang untuk membekukan gerakan ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stop
action</i> ). Di mode ini, kamera akan mempercepat <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shutter speed</i> secepat mungkin sehingga ketika membidik objek
bergerak foto yang dihasilkan akan tetap tajam. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Flash</i> akan dimatikan dan hanya bekerja saat cahaya cukup. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
ini akan baik digunakan ketika:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret pemain bola yang sedang beraksi mengiring bola.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret sebuah mobil yang sedang melaju.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode landscape</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
ini adalah kebalikan dari mode portrait. Kamera akan menggunakan angka <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aperture</i> sebesar mungkin, sehingga
bidang fokus foto (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Depth of Field</i> –
DOF) bisa seluas mungkin. Dengan begitu keseluruhan bagian foto dalam frame
akan tajam. Sesuai namanya, mode ini didesain dipakai saat kita memotret
pemandangan alam, namun juga bisa digunakan saat memotret orang namun kita
ingin <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">background</i> tetap terlihat
tajam. Saya gunakan mode <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">landscape</i>
saat:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret terasiring yang indah di Bali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret 10 orang yang berpose di depan Candi Borobudur.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Night</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
ini didesain untuk bekerja dalam kondisi cahaya yang minim, baik saat malam
maupun kita berada dalam ruangan yang remang. Kamera akan menaikkan ISO supaya
dalam kondisi remang-pun sensor masih mampu menangkap cahaya dengan baik. Mode
ini<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di pakai saat:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Mengambil foto dalam sebuah pesta malam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret jalanan dimalam hari.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Beach / Snow</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menyeimbangkan
eksposur supaya putih-nya salju atau pasir pantai tidak kehilangan detailnya
dan juga tidak terlalu pucat dengan menaikkan esksposur. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">White balance</i> diset di sinar matahari.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Fireworks</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanpa
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">flash</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shutter speed</i> diset lumayan lama untuk merekam pergerakan percikan
kembang api dengan baik. Mode ini sebaiknya diimbangi dengan memakai alat bantu
untuk menstabilkan kamera supaya tidak goyang, misal tripod.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Manual</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika
menggunakan mode manual, kita harus menseting sendiri bukaan diafragma dan
kecepatan dengan berpatokan pada <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">light
meter</i> kamera. Setiap kamera mempunyai <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">light
meter</i> yang kepekaannya menyesuaikan dengan setting ISO yang sudah kita tentukan
sebelumnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Aperture Value (AV)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
mode AV atau prioritas diafragma, kita hanya men-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">setting</i> bukaan diafragma sesuai dengan keinginan kita dan kamera
akan menentukan kecepatan sesuai dengan intesitas cahaya yang ada dan setting
ISO yang kita tentukan sebelumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Time Value (TV)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
mode TV atau prioritas kecepatan / <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shutter
speed</i>, kita hanya perlu menentukan kecepatan dan kamera akan memberikan
bukaan diafragma yang sesuai dengan intensitas cahaya yang ada.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Program (P)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
mode Program atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">full auto</i>, kamera
akan menentukan semua <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">setting</i>
kecepatan maupun bukaan diafragma sesuai dengan intensitas cahaya yang ada.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rana/Kecepatan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ranaadalahtirai yang
bergerakturunnaik di dalam kamera danberfungsiuntukmengaturberapa
lama film hendakdisinari.Ada
beberaparanadalam kamera.Diantaranyaranacelahdanranapusat.Ranacelahadaduayaitu:
ranacelah vertical dan horizontal. Sedangranapusatadalahrana yang
terletakpadalensaletaknyaberdampingandengan diafragma danmenutupnyadengancaramemusat.
Besaranranadiwakilioleh nomor: B-1-2-4-8-15-30-60-125-250-500-1000-2000.
Besarkecilnyasatuanranadapatditentukansendiridenganmengaturbesardankecilnyasatuanranadanbesarnya diafragma.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">P
– Mode Program</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
inidigunakanuntukmengontrol exposure (jumlahcahaya yang
masukkedalam kamera).Secaraotomatis kamera mengaturnilaikecepatan shutter dan diafragma (f-stop)
berdasarpadakondisicahaya. Mode program
mempermudahdalammemotretotomatisdenganaksespenuhpadasemuapilihan (option).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diafragma</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diafragma adalahlubangdalamlensa kamera tempatcahayamasuksaatmelakukanpemotretan.Dalamprakteknya diafragma dilambangkanolehbeberapaangka
yang mewakilibesarnyabukaanpadalensa, angka-angkatersebutantara lain
2,8-4-5,6-8-11-16-22. Akan tetapibesaranangka-angkatersebutbisaberbeda-bedatergantungjenislensa
yang dipakai.Cara
kerja diafragma inimenggunakansistemterbalikjadisemakinkecilangkanyasemakinbesarbukaannyadansemakinbesarangkanyasemakinkecilbukaannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M
– Full Manual Control (Kontrol Manual Penuh)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
inibiasanyadirepresentasikandenganhuruf “M” di dial mode kamera. Di mode
manual,
fotografermemilikikontrolpenuhataspengaturankecepatan shutter dan diafragma.Kontrol
manual
penuhhadirmengingatfotograferseringkalitidakpuasdenganinterpretasi kamera menyangkutpengukurancahaya,
baik di mode prioritas shutter dan diafragma,
ataujikamemangberniatmendapatkangambar yang
kurangataulebihcahayasebagaiefekartistik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ISO</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ISO
adalahsingkatandari International Standard Organization akantetapiada
pula sebagian orang yang menyebutnya ASA (American Standard Association).
Fungsi ISO pada kamera adalahsebagai standard yang
digunakanuntukmengindikasikanbesarkepekaan film
terhadapcahaya.Semakinkecilangka ISO,
semakinrendahkepekaannyaterhadapcahaya.Kepekaancahayainisangatmenjadiprioritasdalampemotretan.Biasanyabilakitainginmemotretpadasuasanacahaya
yang terangmaka, gunakan ISO 100 atau film dengankecepatanrendah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Flash</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fungsi flash
pada kamera adalahsebagaialatbantupencahayaanapabilaintensitascahaya
di sekitarkurang, akantetapisetiaplampu flash punyakemampuan yang berbeda-beda.
Untukjenis kamera sakujarakjangkauanlampu flash hanyaberkisarantara 2
sampai 5 meter. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S
– Shutter Priority (Prioritas Shutter)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
prioritas shutter biasanyadilambangkandenganhuruf “S” di dial
mode kamera. Di mode ini, fotograferbisamengaturkecepatan shutter yang
diinginkan,
sementara kamera memilihpengaturan diafragma secaraotomatisuntukmenghasilkanpengukurancahaya
yang tepatterkaitkecepatan shutter yang dipilih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macro</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fitur yang
satuinibiasanyasudahtertanam di dalam kamera saku.Fungsidarifituriniadalahmerubahfungsilensa
yang standarmenjadilensa macro agar kamera sapatmenangkapobjek yang
kecildenganjarakdekat.Jarakumumpenggunaanfitur macro adalah 10 cm dariobyek
yang akankitapotret.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Program Auto (P)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tidak
perlu penjelasan apapun, pada intinya kita percayakan pemilihan keseluruhan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">setting</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shutter-aperture</i>-ISO-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">White
Balance</i> & <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Flash</i> jika ada)
pada otak di kamera. Kamera akan berusaha menebak karakteristik seluruh objek
dalam frame serta kondisi cahayanya lalu menentukan semua besaran <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">setting</i> diatas. Mode ini efektif untuk
pemula, tetapi hanya menghasilkan foto yang benar namun bukan luar biasa.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Portrait</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kamera
akan memilih <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">depth of field</i> ( DOF )
yang sempit (angka <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aperture</i>
sekecil-kecilnya) sehingga objek yang di foto akan terisolasi dari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">background</i>, sehingga ruang fokus hanya
akan berada pada objek saja sementara <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">background</i>
terlihat kabur. Mode ini biasanya dilambangkan dengan ikon foto orang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">close-up</i>. Sangat baik untuk pemotretan
manusia atau model.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Macro </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
( biasa dilambangkan dengan ikon bunga ) ini diperlukan saat kita ingin
mengambil foto benda-benda kecil dari jarak dekat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">close- up</i>). Dengan mode ini, kita bisa mendekatkan ujung lensa
sedekat-dekatnya ( biasanya antara 2-8 cm dari objek ) sehingga benda sekecil
apapun akan terlihat cukup besar dan detail. Dalam jarak sedekat ini, kita
harus mengusahakan agar bidang objek yang difoto sejajar dengan kamera, dan
sebisa mungkin menggunakan tripod sehingga hasilnya tajam dan bidang fokusnya
cukup. Akan saya pakai saat:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret bunga, serangga, kupu-kupu, atau uang koin.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret makanan sehingga memenuhi seluruh frame foto saya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Sport</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
ini dirancang untuk membekukan gerakan ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stop
action</i> ). Di mode ini, kamera akan mempercepat <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shutter speed</i> secepat mungkin sehingga ketika membidik objek
bergerak foto yang dihasilkan akan tetap tajam. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Flash</i> akan dimatikan dan hanya bekerja saat cahaya cukup. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
ini akan baik digunakan ketika:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret pemain bola yang sedang beraksi mengiring bola.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret sebuah mobil yang sedang melaju.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode landscape</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
ini adalah kebalikan dari mode portrait. Kamera akan menggunakan angka <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aperture</i> sebesar mungkin, sehingga
bidang fokus foto (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Depth of Field</i> –
DOF) bisa seluas mungkin. Dengan begitu keseluruhan bagian foto dalam frame
akan tajam. Sesuai namanya, mode ini didesain dipakai saat kita memotret
pemandangan alam, namun juga bisa digunakan saat memotret orang namun kita
ingin <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">background</i> tetap terlihat
tajam. Saya gunakan mode <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">landscape</i>
saat:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret terasiring yang indah di Bali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret 10 orang yang berpose di depan Candi Borobudur.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Night</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode
ini didesain untuk bekerja dalam kondisi cahaya yang minim, baik saat malam
maupun kita berada dalam ruangan yang remang. Kamera akan menaikkan ISO supaya
dalam kondisi remang-pun sensor masih mampu menangkap cahaya dengan baik. Mode
ini<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di pakai saat:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Mengambil foto dalam sebuah pesta malam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Memotret jalanan dimalam hari.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Beach / Snow</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menyeimbangkan
eksposur supaya putih-nya salju atau pasir pantai tidak kehilangan detailnya
dan juga tidak terlalu pucat dengan menaikkan esksposur. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">White balance</i> diset di sinar matahari.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Fireworks</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanpa
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">flash</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shutter speed</i> diset lumayan lama untuk merekam pergerakan percikan
kembang api dengan baik. Mode ini sebaiknya diimbangi dengan memakai alat bantu
untuk menstabilkan kamera supaya tidak goyang, misal tripod.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Manual</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika
menggunakan mode manual, kita harus menseting sendiri bukaan diafragma dan
kecepatan dengan berpatokan pada <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">light
meter</i> kamera. Setiap kamera mempunyai <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">light
meter</i> yang kepekaannya menyesuaikan dengan setting ISO yang sudah kita tentukan
sebelumnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Aperture Value (AV)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
mode AV atau prioritas diafragma, kita hanya men-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">setting</i> bukaan diafragma sesuai dengan keinginan kita dan kamera
akan menentukan kecepatan sesuai dengan intesitas cahaya yang ada dan setting
ISO yang kita tentukan sebelumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Time Value (TV)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
mode TV atau prioritas kecepatan / <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shutter
speed</i>, kita hanya perlu menentukan kecepatan dan kamera akan memberikan
bukaan diafragma yang sesuai dengan intensitas cahaya yang ada.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mode Program (P)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
mode Program atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">full auto</i>, kamera
akan menentukan semua <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">setting</i>
kecepatan maupun bukaan diafragma sesuai dengan intensitas cahaya yang ada.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-86068666471637820872013-02-11T19:54:00.000-08:002013-02-11T19:54:52.514-08:00Polusi<div style="color: purple;">
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<br style="color: purple;" /><div style="color: purple; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Polusi Udara</span></b></div>
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<br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.Pengertian</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 32.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Polusi udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah kehadiran satu atau lebih substansi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisik"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">fisik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">kimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">atmosfer</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam jumlah yang dapat
membahayakan kesehatan manusia, hewan, dan tumbuhan, mengganggu estetika dan
kenyamanan, atau merusak properti.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Polutan di Udara</span></div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sulfur oksida(gas dan partikulat)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">pembakaran bahan bakar industri,
proses peleburan logam </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ozon</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi fotokimia</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Timbal dan mangan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kendaraan Bermotor</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Materi partikulat, klorin, dan
kadmium</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">produk pembakaran berbagai bahan/
zat buangan industri</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nitrogen oksida (NO dan NO<sub>2</sub>) </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">pembakaran bahan bakar industri,
bangunan pembangkit listrik, kompor gas, perapian, kebakaran hutan, tanah
pertanian yang dipupuk berlebihan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Karbonmonoksida dan Karbondioksida</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">pembakaran bahan bakar industri
dan kendaraan bermotor</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Formaldehid</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">asap rokok, perabot kayu</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Asbes</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ubin, atap</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Amonia</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">produk-produk pembersih</span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hidrokarbon</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">asap rokok, pembakaran bahan bakar
industri, dan kendaraan bermotor</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Trikloroetan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Semprotan aerosoll</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Para-diklorobenzena</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">penyegar/pengharum ruangan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tetrakloroetilen</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 290.25pt;" valign="top" width="387">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uap drycleaning pada pakaian</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: purple;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Polusi Udara</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator fisik</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : sifat-sifat udara yang dapat diamati, udara yang bersih seharusnya tidak
berwarna dan tidak berbau,udanya warna atau bau pada udara menunjukkan adanya
polutan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator kimia</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Jenis polutan yang dipantau antara lain karbon monoksida (CO), sulfur
dioksida (SO<sub>2</sub>), nitrogen oksida (NO), ozon (0<sub>3</sub>), damateri
partikulat (debu). Peningkatan konsentrasi senyawa-senyawa polutan di udara
merupakan indikator bagi tingkat polusi udara</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Biologi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Contoh indikator biologi untuk mengamati tingkat polusi udara adalah
lumut kerak <i>(Lichenes). </i>Lumut kerak merupakan simbiosis antara algae
fotosintetik atau cyanobakteria dengan fungi. Lumut kerak terdiri atas beberapa
kelompok yang masing-masing memiliki tingkat sensitivitas berbeda terhadap
polutan udara. Oleh karena itu, keberadaan kelompok lumut kerak tertentu di
suatu wilayah dapat menjadi indikator bagi tingkat polusi udara di wilayah.
lumut <b>kerak </b><i>Usnea </i>sp. dan <i>Evernia </i>sp. tidak akan dapat
bertahan hidup <b>Iiikit </b>konsentrasi sulfur dioksida di udara terlalu
tinggi.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak Polusi Udara</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 32.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-
Penipisan Ozon<br />
- Pemanasan Global ( Global Warming )<br />
- Penyakit pernapasan, misalnya : jantung, paru-paru dan tenggorokan<br />
- Terganggunya fungsi reproduksi<br />
- Stres dan penurunan tingkat produktivitas<br />
- Kesehatan dan penurunan kemampuan mental anak-anak<br />
- Penurunan tingkat kecerdasan (IQ) anak-anak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 32.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Hujan
asam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Upaya Penanggulangan Polusi Udara</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Clean Air Act yang dibuat oleh
pemerintah dan menambah pajak bagi industri yang melakukan pencemaran udara.<br />
- Mengembangkan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan dan dapat diperbaharui diantaranya
Fuel Cell dan Solar Cell.<br />
- Menghemat Energi yang digunakan.<br />
- Menjaga kebersihan lingkungan tempat tinggal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Polusi Air</span></b></div>
<b style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 1.Pengertian</span><span style="color: purple;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pencemaran air</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu perubahan keadaan di suatu tempat
penampungan air seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danau" title="Danau"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">danau</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">sungai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautan" title="Lautan"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">lautan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_tanah" title="Air tanah"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">air tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> akibat aktivitas manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Polutan di
Air</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="right" style="color: purple;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 24.65pt; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 527px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 18.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 18.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis Polutan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 18.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 272.25pt;" valign="top" width="363">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber Utama</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 18.65pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Agen penyebab penyakit</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 18.65pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 272.25pt;" valign="top" width="363">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">limbah (buangan) rumah tangga,
buangan hewan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="height: 36.7pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Limbah yang memerlukan Oksigen</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 36.7pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 272.25pt;" valign="top" width="363">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">kotoran hewan dan manusia, Eimbah
industri, aliran buangan dari perkotaan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="height: 36.7pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahan kimia Organik minyak</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 36.7pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 272.25pt;" valign="top" width="363">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Buangan mesin dan kedaraan
bermotor, kebocoran pipa,tumpahan tangki,dan sumur minyak </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="height: 36.7pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pestisida dan herbisida</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 36.7pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 272.25pt;" valign="top" width="363">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">lahan pertanian dan perkebunan,
program pembasmian nyamuk</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 18.25pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PlastikDeterjen Senyawa-senyawa</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">berklorin</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahan kimia anorganik Senyawa asam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Garam-garaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Timbal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merkuri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nutrien tumbuhan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(fosfat dan nitrat)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedimen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahan radioaktif</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Panas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 18.25pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 272.25pt;" valign="top" width="363">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">rumah tangga dan industri rumah
tangga dan industri-industri kertas dan industri lain yang metakukan proses
pemutihan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(bleaching), </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">air yang ditambahkan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">klorin (sebagai desinfektan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">pertambangan, limbah industri,
pengendapan asam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">irigasi pertanian, pertambangan,
limbah industri, ladang minyak, aliran buangan dari perkotaan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">bahan bakar yang mengandung
timbal, beberapa pestisida, peleburan timbal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">limbah industri, fungisida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">aliran dari pertanian,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">pertambangan, limbah rumah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">tangga, limbah industri, air
limbah yang tidak terolah dengan balk, industri pengolahan makanan,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fosfat yang terkandung dalam
deterjen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">erosi tanah, aliran dari
pertanian, pertambangan, hutan, dan kegiatan pembangunan (konstruksi)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">batuan, tambang uranium,
pembangkit tenaga nuklir, pengujian senjata nuklir</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">air pendingin dari industri dan
pusat pembangkit listrik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 53.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Polusi Air</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Fisik : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">kekeruhan, bau, warna, dan suhu, dapat menjadi indikator bagi polusi., Air
yang bersih seharusnya jernih (tidak keruh), tidak berbau, tidak berwarna, dan
suhunya relatif sedang. Kekeruhan air berhubungan dengan konsentrasi partikel
padat yang tersusupensi dalam air. Kekeruhan air dapat diukur secara sederhana
menggunakan alat yang disebut cakram Secchi <i>(secchi disc). </i>Cakram Secchi
ditandai dengan warna hitam dan putih. Cakram masih dapat dilihat dengan jelas
menunjukkan tingkat penetrasi cahaya pada perairan tersebut. Bau dan warna atau
perubahan suhu ekstrirr pada air dapat menunjukkan keberadaan senyawa kimia
atau polutan tertentu dalam air.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Kimia :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Kandungan senyawa-senyawa kimia dalam air dapat menjad<sup>.</sup>
indikator terjadinya pencemaran/polusi air. Contohnya :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Kandungan Nutrisi : Nutrisi
yang terlarut di air seperti unsur nitrogen, fosfor, dan karbon dibutuhkan
untuk pertumbuhan organisme fotosintetik di perairan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Kandungan Logam berat :
timbal, merkuri, sanida, dan kadmium, menunjukkan telah terjadi polusi air.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Oksigen Terlarut (dissolved
oxygen/DO) : Pengukuran oksigen terlarut akan menunjukkan volume oksigen yang
terlarut di air. Masuknya zat polutan, seperti buangan pupuk atau sampah
organik, dapat menurunkan volume oksigen terlarut. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jum</span>lah oksigen terlarut di air sebaiknya antara 4,0 hingga 12,0
rng/L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Kebutuhan Oksigen Biokimia
(Biochemical Oxygen Demand/ BOD) : BOD berhubungan dengan DO,
Semakin rendah kadar oksigen terlarut DO) dalam air, semakin tinggi kadar BOD
dalam air tersebut.pengukuran terhadap BOD secara tidak langsung menunjukkan
kadar DO.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- pH/ tingkat keasaman : pH air yang
normal adalah antara 6,5 hingga 9,0. Masuknya polutan yang bersifat asam dapat
menurunkan nilai pH air dengan ekstrim (sangat asam atau sangat basa).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Biologi : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jumlah dan susunan organisme dalam air sangat berhubungan dengan tingkat
polusi air. Beberapa fitoplankton, seperti diatom dan dinoflagelata, dan
zooplankton dari kelompok rotifera, rentan terhadap polutan sehingga
keberadaannya <b>di </b>perairan mengindikasikan kondisi air yang cukup bersih.
Sebaliknya keberadaan protozoa parasit dan bakteri koliform dalam air
mengindikasikan telah terjadi polusi air. Tingginya jumlah bakteri koliform
pada perairan menunjukkan bahwa perairan tersebut telah tercemar kotoran/ tinja
manusia dan hewan. Keberadaan bakteri koliform pada perairan dapat
mengindikasikan adanya mikroorganisme patogen, seperti protozoa parasit,
bakteri patogen, dan virus, yang juga biasa terdapat pada manusia dan hewan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dampak Polusi Air</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terganggunya kehidupan organisme air karena berkurangnya kandungan oksigen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terjadinya ledakan ganggang dan tumbuhan air (eurotrofikasi)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pendangkalan dasar perairan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tersumbatnya penyaring reservoir, dan menyebabkan perubahan ekologi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam jangka panjang adalah kanker dan kelahiran cacat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akibat penggunaan pertisida yang berlebihan sesuai selain membunuh hama dan
penyakit, juga membunuh serangga dan makhluk berguna terutama predator.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kematian biota kuno, seperti plankton, ikan, bahkan burung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mutasi sel, kanker, dan leukeumia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Upaya Penanggulangan Polusi Air</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 53.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengenceran dan penguraian polutan
air tanah sulit sekali karena airnya tidak mengalir dan tidak mengandung
bakteri pengurai yang aerob jadi, air tanah yang tercemar akan tetap tercemar
dalam yang waktu yang sangat lama, walau tidak ada bahan pencemaran yang masuk.
Karena ini banyak usaha untuk menjaga agar tanah tetap bersih misalnya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menempatkan daerah industri atau pabrik jauh dari daerah perumahan atau
pemukiman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembuangan limbah industri diatur sehingga tidak mencermari lingkungan atau
ekosistem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengawasan terhadap penggunaan jenis-jenis pestisida dan zat-zat kimia lain
yang dapat menimbulkan pencemaran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memperluas gerakan penghijauan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tindakan tegas terhadap perilaku pencemaran lingkungan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberikan kesadaran terhadap masyaratkat tentang arti lingkungan hidup
sehingga manusia lebih lebih mencintai lingkungan hidupnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan intensifikasi pertanian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 68.2pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Polusi Tanah</span></b></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 1.Pengertian</span><span style="color: purple;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Polusi tanah</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah keadaan di mana bahan kimia
buatan manusia masuk dan merubah lingkungan tanah alami.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Polusi tanah mencakup berbagai
perubahan fisik dan kimia pada tanah yang memberi dampak negatif bagi kehidupan
tumbuhan dan makhluk hidup lain yang hidup di tanah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Polutan di Tanah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Limbah Padat : Limbah padat meliputi
bahan-bahan padatan buangan seperti kertas, plastik, kayu, metal, kaca, sisa
makanan, karet, dan lainnya. Limbah/sampah ini meningkat jumlahnya setiap tahun
dan seringkali menumpuk di lahan TPA (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Logam berat : kadmium, timbal,
kromium, tembaga, besi, dan nikel</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pestisida : Pestisida adalah senyawa
yang digunakan untuk membunuh makhluk hidup yang dianggap mengganggu oleh
manusia. Pestisida dapat dibagi lagi berdasarkan organisme targetnya menjadi <b><i>insektisida
</i></b>(pembunuh serangga), <b><i>herbisida </i></b>(pembunuh gulma/tumbuhan
pengganggu), <b><i>rodentisida </i></b>(pembunuh hewan pengerat), dan <b><i>fungisida
</i></b>(pembunuh jamur. Pestisida sangat berguna untuk membantu meningkatkan
jumlah panen atau mengontrol populasi organisme. Pestisida yang mencemari tanah
dapat berdampak negatif secara langsung. hadap tumbuhan dan biota tanah lainnya
atau secara tidak angsung dengan mencemari air. Pestisida yang berbahaya
terrutama dari jenis yang memiliki efek luas dan sulit terurai sehingga
keberadaannya di alam bersifat <i>persistent </i>(ada terus menerus) untuk
waktu yang lama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nitrogen : Nitrogen, fosfat, dan
berbagai garam mineral merupakan unsur yang sangat diperlukan tumbuhan untuk
Dertumbuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Polusi Tanah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator fisik : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh indikator fisik yang menunjukkan kualitas tanah, antara lain warna
tanah, kedalaman lapisan atas tanah, kepadatan tanah, porositas dan tekstur
tanah, dan endapan pada tanah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Kimia : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">pH, salinitas, kandungan senyawa kimia organik, fosfor nitrogen, logam
berat, dan radioaktif merupakan contoh indikatekimia bagi tingkat polusi tanah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Biolog</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i : Cacing tanah merupakan salah
satu indikator biologi pada pengukuran tingkat polusi tanah. Keberadaan cacing
tanah dapat meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi pada tanah yang akan menyuburkan
tanah. Populasi cacing tanah dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tanah habitatnya, seperti
kondisi suhu, kelembapan, pH, salinitas, aerasi, dan tekstur tanah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak Polusi Tanah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 78.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak Pada Kesehatan</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak pencemaran tanah terhadap kesehatan tergantung , jalur masuk ke
dalam tubuh dan kerentanan populasi yang terkena. Kromium , berbagai macam
pestisida dan herbisida merupakan bahan karsinogenik untuk semua populasi.
Timbal sangat berbahaya pada anak-anak, karena dapat menyebabkan kerusakan
otak, serta kerusakan ginjal. Paparan kronis (terus-menerus) terhadap benzena
pada konsentrasi tertentu dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan terkena leukemia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merkuri (air raksa) dan siklodiena dikenal dapat menyebabkan kerusakan
ginjal, dan mungkin tidak bisa diobati, PCB dan siklodiena terkait pada
keracunan hati, Organofosfat dan karmabat menyebabkan ganguan pada saraf otot.
Ada beberapa macam dampak pada kesehatan seperti sakit kepala, pusing, letih,
iritasi mata dan ruam kulit untuk paparan bahan kimia yang disebut di atas.
Yang jelas, pada dosis yang besar, pencemaran tanah dapat menyebabkan
Kematian..</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 78.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak Pada Lingkungan Atau
Ekosistem</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dampak pada pertanian terutama perubahan metabolisme tanaman yang pada
akhirnya dapat menyebabkan penurunan hasil pertanian. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan
dampak lanjutan pada konservasi tanaman di mana tanaman tidak mampu menahan
lapisan tanah dari erosi. Beberapa bahan pencemar ini memiliki waktu paruh yang
panjang dan pada kasus lain bahan-bahan kimia derivatif akan terbentuk dari
bahan pencemar tanah utama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pencemaran tanah juga dapat memberikan dampak terhadap ekosistem. Perubahan
kimiawi tanah yang radikal dapat timbul dari adanya bahan kimia
beracun/berbahaya bahkan pada dosis yang rendah sekalipun. Perubahan ini dapat
menyebabkan perubahan metabolisme dari mikroorganisme endemik dan antropoda
yang hidup di lingkungan tanah tersebut. Akibatnya bahkan dapat memusnahkan
beberapa spesies primer dari rantai makanan, yang dapat memberi akibat yang
besar terhadap predator atau tingkatan lain dari rantai makanan tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Upaya Penanggulangan Polusi Tanah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sampah organik yang dapat
membusuk/diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme antara lain dapat dilakukan dengan
mengukur sampah-sampah dalam tanah secara tertutup dan terbuka, kemudian dapat
diolah sebagai kompos/pupuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
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anorganik yang tidak dapat dimusnahkan oleh mikroorganisme dapat dilakukan
dengan cara membakar sampah-sampah yang dapat terbakar seperti plastik dan serat
baik secara individual maupun dikumpulkan pada suatu tempat yang jauh dari
pemukiman, sehingga tidak mencemari udara daerah pemukiman. Sampah yang tidak
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detergen berupa senyawa organik yang dapat dimusnahkan/diuraikan oleh
mikroorganisme.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-62834198550516836742013-01-20T17:57:00.000-08:002013-01-20T18:05:59.405-08:00Teknik Photography I<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "AR CENA"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "AR CENA";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Depth of field (ruang tajam)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Depth of field atau
sering disingkat menjadi DOF merupakan salah satu teknik fotgrafi yang paling
dasar. Setiap foto memiliki kedalaman ( depth ) yang terbagi atas foreground (
depan ) dan background ( belakang ). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengendalian Depth of
Field berguna untuk membatasi fokus pada foto dan lebih memberi kesan hidup
pada foto.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
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oleh kamera sebagai gambar diam, seperti foto tetesan air, ledakan, atau foto
ketika orang sedang melompat dan lain sebagainya. Yang paling utama dalam
mendapatkan foto freeze adalah mengatur shutter speed secepat mungkin ( misal
1/500 detik, 1/1000 detik, hingga 1/8000 detik ).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Panning</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Panning adalah salah satu cara
untuk memberikan kesan gerak pada foto.<br />
Ketika melakukan panning, anda harus mengikuti objek selama membidik.<br />
Untuk mendapatkan foto panning secara maksimal; dengan speed rendah (8-60), dan
pakailah tripod (kaki tiga), hasil photo menjadikan objek menjadi relatif tajam
di bandingkan dengan backgroundnya yang hampir spenuhnya blur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Movement Spoiler</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">foto movement
bertujuan memperlihatkan pergerakan objek dengan shutter speed yang rendah,
sehingga pergerakan objek dapat tampak pada hasil foto. Shutter speed yang
digunakan cenderung rendah agar pergerakan objek dapat terekam ( misal 1/5
detik, 1 detik, dst ), namun yang patut diperhatikan adalah kamera harus tetap
dalam posisi statis agar background daripada objek tetap fokus walaupun shutter
speed lambat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Slow and Stop Action</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Slow action : salah satu teknik
fotografi yang bertujuan memperlihatkan/menangkap gerakan objek. Biasanya
digunakan kecepatan rendah, antara 1/30 sampai 1 detik<br />
Stop action : kebalikan dari slow, yaitu teknik fotografi untuk bertujuan
membekukan gerak objek. Biasanya digunakan kecepatan tinggi, antara 1/125
sampai 1/4000 atau lebih. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Zooming</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Zooming adalah teknik foto untuk memberikan kesan gerak dengan
mengubah panjang fokus lensa, perubahan panjang fokus hanya dapat dilakukan
dengan lensa zoom. Untuk mendapatkan kesan gerak, anda harus menggunakan
kecepatan rana tidak lebih dari 1/30 detik, untuk mendapatkan foto zooming
secara maksimal, pakailah tripod (kaki tiga).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "AR CENA"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "AR CENA";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bulb</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "AR CENA"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kecepatan rana dapat diatur sesuai dengan waktu yang kita inginkan.<br />
Teknik ini dilakukan dengan menahan tombol pelepas rana dengan lebih lama.<br />
Untuk mendapatkan hasil foto bulb secara maksimal, dapat digunakan kabel
release dan tripod. Foto bulb dapat diperoleh melalui mode manual dengan
mengatur shutter speed pada setting paling lambat ( BULB ), dimana shutter akan
terus terbuka selama tombol ditekan dan akan menutup kembali pada saat tombol
dilepas. Yang patut diperhatikan pada foto bulb adalah posisi kamera yang
mutlak harus statis, maka gunakanlah tripod untuk menghasilkan photo bulb.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-2736194615380082992013-01-14T20:10:00.002-08:002013-01-14T20:10:27.971-08:00microsoft power point<div style="color: purple;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengertian
Power Point</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PowerPoint</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">atau
Microsoft Office PowerPoint adalah sebuah program komputer untuk
presentasi yang dikembangkan oleh Microsoft di dalam paket aplikasi
kantoranmereka, Microsoft Office, selain Microsoft Word, Excel, Access dan beberapa
programlainnya.PowerPoint berjalan di atas komputer PC berbasis sistem operasi
Microsoft Windowsdan juga Apple Macintosh yang menggunakan sistem
operasi Apple Mac OS, meskipun pada awalnya aplikasi ini berjalan di
atas sistem operasi Xenix.Aplikasi ini sangat banyak digunakan,
apalagi oleh kalangan perkantoran dan pebisnis, para pendidik, siswa,
dan trainer untuk presentasi.PowerPoint dapat menyimpan presentasi dalam
beberapa format, yakni sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Operasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam
PowerPoint, seperti halnya perangkat lunak pengolah presentasi lainnya,objek
teks,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafik" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">grafik </span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">video</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suara" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">suara</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, dan objek-objek lainnya
diposisikan dalam beberapahalaman individual yang disebut dengan</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">"</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> slide</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">".
Istilah slide dalam PowerPoint ini memiliki </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogi" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">analogi</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> yang sama dengan</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> slide</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyektor" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> proyektor </span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">biasa, yang telah kuno,akibat
munculnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perangkat_lunak" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> perangkat lunak </span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">komputer </span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang mampu mengolah
presentasisemacam PowerPoint dan Impress. Setiap</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> slide</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dapat
dicetak atau ditampilkan dalamlayar dan dapat dinavigasikan melalui perintah
dari si presenter.</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Slide</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">juga
dapatmembentuk dasar </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Webcast&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank"><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt; text-decoration: none;">webcast </span></i></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(sebuah
siaran di</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" target="_blank"><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt; text-decoration: none;">World
Wide Web</span></i></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">).PowerPoint
menawarkan dua jenis properti pergerakan, yakni</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Custom Animations</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Transition</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Properti
pergerakan</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Entrance</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Emphasis</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, dan</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Exit </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">objek dalam
sebuah slide dapat diatur oleh Custom Animation, sementara</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Transition</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mengatur
pergerakan dari satu slide ke slide lainnya. Semuanya dapat dianimaskandalam
banyak cara. Desain keseluruhan dari sebuah presentasi dapat diatur
denganmenggunakaan</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Master Slide</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, dan
struktur keseluruhan dari prsentasi dapat disuntingdengan menggunakan</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Primitive Outliner </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Outline).PowerPoint
dapat menyimpan presentasi dalam beberapa format, yakni sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• PPT (<i><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">PowerPoint Presentation</span></i>), yang
merupakan data biner dan tersedia dalamsemua versi PowerPoint (termasuk
PowerPoint 12)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• PPS (<i>PowerPoint Show</i>),
yang merupakan data biner dan tersedia dalam semuaversi PowerPoint (termasuk
PowerPoint 12)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">•POT (<i>PowerPoint
Template</i>), yang merupakan data biner dan tersedia dalamsemua versi
PowerPoint (termasuk PowerPoint 12)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">•PPTX (<i><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">PowerPoint Presentation</span></i>), yang yang
merupakan data dalam bentuk XML dan hanya tersedia dalam PowerPoint 12</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tujuan power
point</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Presentasi
memiliki beberapa tujuan. Tujuan presentasi akan sangat
menentukan bagaimana kita akan melakukan dan mendesain presentasi. Tujuan
presentasi tersebutadalah sebagai berikut:1.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menginformasikan:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">presentasi berisi
informasi yang akan disampaikan kepadaorang lain. Presentasi semacam ini
sebaiknya menyampaikan informasi secaradetail dan jelas (clear) sehingga orang
dapat menerima informasi dengan baik dan tidak salah presepsi terhadap
informasi yang diberikan tersebut.2.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Meyakinkan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: presentasi
berisi informasi, data, dan bukti-bukti yang disusunsecara logis sehingga
menyakinkan orang atas suatu topik tertentu. Kondradiksidan ketidakjelasan
informasi dan penyusunan yang tidak logis akan mengurangikeyakinan orang
atas presentasi yang diberikan.3.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membujuk </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: presentasi
yang berisi informasi, data, dan bukti-bukti yang disusunsecara logis agar
orang mau melakukan suatu aksi/tindakan. Presentasi dapat berisi bujukan,
atau rayuan yang disertai dengan bukti-bukti sehingga orangmerasa tidak
ragu dan yakin untuk melakukan suatu tindakan.4.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menginspirasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: presentasi
yang berusaha untuk membangkitkan inspirasi orang.5.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menghibur</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: presentasi
yang berusahan untuk memberi kesenangan pada orangmelalui informasi yang diberikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/?cat=11" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">PowerPoint</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">merupakan salah satu media untuk menyampaikan
presentasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/?cat=11" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">PowerPoint</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dapat merupakan bagian dari keseluruhan presentasi
maupun menjadi satu-satunya sarana penyampaian informasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/?cat=11" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">PowerPoint</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sebagai pendukung presentasimisalnya adalah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/?cat=11" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">PowerPoint</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sebagai alat bantu visual dalam presentasi oral.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/?cat=11" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">PowerPoint</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dapat pula menjadi media utama penyampaian presentasi,
misalnya pada presentasi produk/iklan mini, profil perusahaan, dan
presentasi online. Presentasi semacam inidapat disertai dengan narasi dan
ilustrasi suara, musik, atau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">video</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang dimainkan padasaat presentasi.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keunggulan
MS PowerPoint</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/?cat=11" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">PowerPoint</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan program
lain, antara lainsebagai berikut:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">1.Menyediakan
banyak pilihan media presentasi:</span></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">o</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Overhead
Tranparacies</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tranparansi
Overhead): menggunakan slide proyektor atau OHP,</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">o</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Slide
Show Presentation</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Presentasi
Slide Show): menggunakan LCDatau InFocus,</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">o</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Online Presentation</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Presentasi
Online): melalui internet atau LAN,</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">o</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Print Out</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Handout</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: presentasi
dicetak dan dibagikan pada peserta.<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">2.Presentasi
Multimedia: kita dapat menambahkan berbagai multimedia pada slide</span> presentasi,
seperti : clip art, picture,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">gambar animasi</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(GIF dan Flash), background
audio/music¸narasi,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/?cat=14" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">movie</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(video klip).<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">3.Pemaketan
slide presentasi ke dalam CD.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.isroi.org/" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: none;">PowerPoint 2003</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">memiliki fasilitasuntuk memaket slide presentasi ke
dalam CD. Presentasi ini dapat ditampilkan</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-31718077472185107202012-12-05T22:50:00.000-08:002012-12-05T22:50:44.418-08:00Lirik lagu Sammy Simorangkir 'Jaga Hatiku'Adakah kau tahu apa yang ku rasa<br />
Tersiksa ku tak dapat memilikimu<br />
Tapi tetap akan ku jaga hatiku<br />
Sampai saatnya cintamu kan berpaling pada diriku<br />
Ku pastikan takkan ada yang mampu<br />
Mencintaimu seperti diriku<br />
Walau nafas harus terpisah dari ragaku<br />
Ku tak akan berhenti, ku tak akan menyerah tuk mencintaimu<br />
Sering ku melihat galau di matamu<br />
Berada di antara aku dan dia<br />
Tapi tetap akan ku jaga hatiku<br />
Sampai saatnya cintamu kan berpaling pada diriku<br />
Ku pastikan takkan ada yang mampu<br />
Mencintaimu seperti diriku (sepertiku)<br />
Walau nafas harus terpisah dari ragaku<br />
Ku tak akan berhenti, ku tak akan menyerah tuk mencintaimu<br />
Ku hadapi kenyataan kau bersama dengan dirinya<br />
Namun cintaku padamu takkan terkurung oleh waktu selamanya<br />
Ku pastikan takkan ada yang mampu<br />
Mencintaimu seperti diriku (sepertiku)<br />
Walau nafas harus terpisah dari ragaku<br />
Ku tak akan berhenti, ku tak akan menyerah tuk mencintaimu<br />
(ku pastikan takkan ada yang mampu<br />
Mencintaimu seperti diriku)<br />
Walau nafas harus terpisah dari ragaku<br />
Ku tak akan berhenti, ku tak akan menyerah<br />
Tuk mencintaimu, tuk mencintaimuAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-91967875486911505842012-12-05T22:42:00.002-08:002012-12-05T22:42:27.788-08:00Sifat unsur logam dan non logam<div style="color: purple;">
A. LOGAM<br />Dalam kimia, sebuah logam (bahasa Yunani: Metallon) adalah sebuah unsur kimia yang siap membentuk ion (kation). Logam adalah salah satu dari tiga kelompok unsur yang dibedakan oleh sifat ionisasi dan ikatan, bersama dengan metaloid dan nonlogam.<br />Pengelompokan dikemukakan oleh Lavoisier, namun masih sangat sederhana, sebab antara unsur-unsur logam sendiri masih terdapat banyak perbedaan.<br />Dalam tabel periodik, garis diagonal yang membedakan unsur logam dari nonlogam. Unsur dalam garis ini adalah metaloid, kadangkala disebut semi-logam. Unsur-unsur yang termasuk metaloid adalah Boron (B), Silikon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsen (As), Antimon (Sb), Telurium (Te), Polonium (Po).<br />Logam sendiri terbagi menjadi beberapa kelompok, yaitu:<br />1. Alkali : Lithium (Li), Natrium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium (Fr).<br />2. Logam Alkali Tanah : Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra).<br />3. Logam Transisi : Lantanida dan Aktinida.<br />4. Logam Lainnya : Aluminium (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), Thallium (Tl), Ununtrium (Uut), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), Ununquadium (Uuq), Bismuth (Bi), Ununpentium (Uup), Ununhexium (Uuh).<br /> Beberapa logam terkenal adalah aluminium, tembaga, emas, timah, perak, titanium, uranium, dan zink.<br /><br />B. NONLOGAM<br />Nonlogam adalah kelompok unsur kimia yang bersifat elektronegatif, yaitu lebih mudah menarik elektron valensi dari atom lain dari pada melepaskannya. Unsur-unsur yang termasuk dalam nonlogam adalah:<br />1. Halogen : Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At), Ununseptium (Uus).<br />2. Gas mulia : Helium (H), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn), Ununoctium (Uuo).<br />3. Nonlogam lainnya : Hidrogen (H), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (F), Oxygen (O), Sulfur (B), Selenium (Se).<br />Sebagian besar nonlogam ditemukan pada bagian atas tabel periodik, kecuali hidrogen yang terletak pada bagian kiri atas bersama logam alkali. Walaupun hanya terdiri dari 20 unsur, dibandingkan dengan lebih dari 80 lebih jenis logam, nonlogam merupakan penyusun sebagian besar isi bumi, terutama lapisan luarnya.<br />Pada tabel periodik, unsur-unsur di daerah perbatasan antara logam dan nonlogam mempunyai sifat ganda. Misalnya unsur Boron (B) dan Silikon (Si) merupakan unsur nonlogam yang memilki beberapa sifat logam yang disebut unsur metaloid. <br /><br />C. SIFAT FISIS LOGAM<br />Pada umumnya unsur logam mempunyai sifat fisis, antara lain:<br />1. Logam akan memantulkan sinar yang datang dengan panjang gelombang dan frekuensi yang sama sehingga logam terlihat lebih mengkilat. Contohnya, emas (Au), perak (Ag), besi (Fe), dan seng (Zn).<br />2. Logam dapat menghantarkan panas ketika dikenai sinar matahari, sehingga logam akan sangat panas (terbakar). Energi panas diteruskan oleh elektron sebagai akibat dari penambahan energi kinetik. Hal ini menyebabkan elektron bergerak lebih cepat. Energi panas ditransferkan melintasi logam yang diam melalui elektron yang bergerak.<br />3. Logam juga dapat menghantarkan listrik karena elektronnya terdelokalisasi bebas bergerak di seluruh bagian struktur atom. Tembaga (Cu) sering dipakai dalam pembuatan kawat penghantar lisrik.<br />4. Meabilitas, yaitu kemampuan logam untuk ditempa atau diubah menjadi bentuk lembaran. Sifat ini digunakan oleh pandai besi untuk membuat sepatu kuda dari batangan logam. Gulungan baja (besi) penggiling menggunakan sifat ini saat mereka mengulung batangan baja menjadi lembaran tipis untuk pembuatan alat-alat rumah tangga. Hal ini karena kemampuan atom-atom logam untuk menggelimpang antara atom yang satu dengan atom yang lain menjadi posisi yang baru tanpa memutuskan ikatan logam.<br />5. Duktilitas yaitu kemampuan logam dirubah menjadi kawat dengan sifatnya yang mudah meregang jika ditarik. Tembaga (Cu) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan kawat.<br />6. Semua logam merupakan padatan pada suhu kamar dengan pengecualian raksa atau merkuri (Hg) yang berupa cairan pada suhu kamar.<br />7. Semua logam bersifat keras, kecuali natrium (Na) dan kalium (Ca), yang lunak dan dapat dipotong dengan pisau.<br />8. Umumnya logam memiliki kepadatan yang tinggi sehingga terasa berat jika dibawa.<br />9. Logam juga dapat menimbulkan suara yang nyaring jika dipukul, sehingga dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan bel atau lonceng.<br />10. Logam dapat ditarik magnet, sehingga logam disebut diamagnetik, misalnya besi (Fe).<br /><br />D. SIFAT FISIS NONLOGAM<br />Pada umumnya unsur nonlogam mempunyai sifat fisis, antara lain:<br />1. Nonlogam tidak dapat memantulkan sinar yang datang sehingga nonlogam tidak terlihat mengkilat.<br />2. Nonlogam tidak dapat menghantarkan panas dan listrik sehingga disebut sebagai isolator.<br />3. Nonlogam sangat rapuh sehingga tidak dapat ditarik menjadi kabel atau ditempa menjadi lembaran.<br />4. Densitas atau kepadatannya pun relatif rendah sehingga terasa ringan jika dibawa dan tidak bersifat diamagnetik (dapat ditarik magnet).<br />5. Nonlogam berupa padatan, cairan dan gas pada suhu kamar. Contohnya padatan Carbon (C), cairan Bromin (Br) dan gas Hidrogen (H).<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-58143465003075574302012-12-03T21:09:00.000-08:002012-12-03T21:12:25.452-08:00Ikatan Kimia<div style="color: purple;">
Ikatan kimia adalah sebuah proses fisika yang bertanggung jawab dalam interaksi gaya tarik menarik antara dua atom atau molekul yang menyebabkan suatu senyawa diatomik atau poliatomik menjadi stabil.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<br />
<b>Ikatan kuat kimia</b><br />
Ikatan-ikatan berikut adalah ikatan intramolekul yang mengikat atom-atom bersama menjadi molekul. Dalam pandangan yang sederhana dan terlokalisasikan, jumlah elektron yang berpartisipasi dalam suatu ikatan biasanya merupakan perkalian dari dua, empat, atau enam. Jumlah yang berangka genap umumnya dijumpai karena elektron akan memiliki keadaan energi yang lebih rendah jika berpasangan. Teori-teori ikatan yang lebih canggih menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan ikatan tidaklah selalu berupa angka bulat dan tergantung pada distribusi elektron pada setiap atom yang terlibat dalam sebuah ikatan. Sebagai contohnya, karbon-karbon dalam senyawa benzena dihubungkan satu sama lain oleh ikatan 1.5 dan dua atom dalam nitrogen monoksida NO dihubungkan oleh ikatan 2,5. Keberadaan ikatan rangkap empat juga diketahui dengan baik. Jenis-jenis ikatan kuat bergantung pada perbedaan elektronegativitas dan distribusi orbital elektron yang tertarik pada suatu atom yang terlibat dalam ikatan. Semakin besar perbedaan elektronegativitasnya, semakin besar elektron-elektron tersebut tertarik pada atom yang berikat dan semakin bersifat ion pula ikatan tersebut. Semakin kecil perbedaan elektronegativitasnya, semakin bersifat kovalen ikatan tersebut.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<br />
<b>Ikatan kovalen</b><br />
Ikatan kovalen adalah ikatan yang umumnya sering dijumpai, yaitu ikatan yang perbedaan elektronegativitas (negatif dan positif) di antara atom-atom yang berikat sangatlah kecil atau hampir tidak ada. Ikatan-ikatan yang terdapat pada kebanyakan senyawa organik dapat dikatakan sebagai ikatan kovalen. Lihat pula ikatan sigma dan ikatan pi untuk penjelasan LCAO terhadap jenis ikatan ini.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<br />
<b>Ikatan polar kovalen</b><br />
Ikatan polar kovalen merupakan ikatan yang sifat-sifatnya berada di antara ikatan kovalen dan ikatan ion. </div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<br />
<b>Ikatan ion</b><br />
Ikatan ion merupakan sejenis interaksi elektrostatik antara dua atom yang memiliki perbedaan elektronegativitas yang besar. Tidaklah terdapat nilai-nilai yang pasti yang membedakan ikatan ion dan ikatan kovalen, namun perbedaan elektronegativitas yang lebih besar dari 2,0 bisanya disebut ikatan ion, sedangkan perbedaan yang lebih kecil dari 1,5 biasanya disebut ikatan kovalen.[3] Ikatan ion menghasilkan ion-ion positif dan negatif yang berpisah. Muatan-muatan ion ini umumnya berkisar antara -3 e sampai dengan +3e.</div>
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<b>Ikatan kovalen koordinat</b><br />
Ikatan kovalen koordinat, kadangkala disebut sebagai ikatan datif, adalah sejenis ikatan kovalen yang keseluruhan elektron-elektron ikatannya hanya berasal dari salah satu atom, penderma pasangan elektron, ataupun basa Lewis. Konsep ini mulai ditinggalkan oleh para kimiawan seiring dengan berkembangnya teori orbital molekul. Contoh ikatan kovalen koordinat terjadi pada nitron dan ammonia borana. Susunan ikatan ini berbeda dengan ikatan ion pada perbedaan elektronegativitasnya yang kecil, sehingga menghasilkan ikatan yang kovalen. Ikatan ini biasanya ditandai dengan tanda panah. Ujung panah ini menunjuk pada akseptor elektron atau asam Lewis dan ekor panah menunjuk pada penderma elektron atau basa Lewis.</div>
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<br />
<b>Ikatan pisang</b></div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Ikatan pisang adalah sejenis ikatan yang terdapat pada molekul-molekul yang mengalami terikan ataupun yang mendapat rintangan sterik, sehingga orbital-orbital ikatan tersebut dipaksa membentuk struktur ikatan yang mirip dengan pisang. Ikatan pisang biasanya lebih rentan mengalami reaksi daripada ikatan-ikatan normal lainnya.</div>
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<br />
<b>Ikatan 3c-2e dan 3c-4e</b> </div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Dalam ikatan tiga-pusat dua-elektron, tiga atom saling berbagi dua elektron. Ikatan sejenis ini terjadi pada senyawa yang kekurangan elektron seperti pada diborana. Setiap ikatan mengandung sepasang elektron yang menghubungkan atom boron satu sama lainnya dalam bentuk pisang dengan sebuah proton (inti atom hidrogen) di tengah-tengah ikatan, dan berbagi elektron dengan kedua atom boron. Terdapat pula Ikatan tiga-pusat empat-elektron yang menjelaskan ikatan pada molekul hipervalen.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<br />
<b>Ikatan tiga elektron dan satu elektron</b> </div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Ikatan-ikatan dengan satu atau tiga elektron dapat ditemukan pada spesi radikal yang memiliki jumlah elektron gasal (ganjil). Contoh paling sederhana dari ikatan satu elektron dapat ditemukan pada kation molekul hidrogen H2+. Ikatan satu elektron seringkali memiliki energi ikat yang setengah kali dari ikatan dua elektron, sehingga ikatan ini disebut pula "ikatan setengah". Namun terdapat pengecualian pada kasus dilitium. Ikatan dilitium satu elektron, Li2+, lebih kuat dari ikatan dilitium dua elektron Li2. Pengecualian ini dapat dijelaskan dengan hibridisasi dan efek kelopak dalam. <br />
<br />
Contoh sederhana dari ikatan tiga elektron dapat ditemukan pada kation dimer helium, He2+, dan dapat pula dianggap sebagai "ikatan setengah" karena menurut teori orbital molekul, elektron ke-tiganya merupakan orbital antiikat yang melemahkan ikatan dua elektron lainnya sebesar setengah. Molekul oksigen juga dapat dianggap memiliki dua ikatan tiga elektron dan satu ikatan dua elektron yang menjelaskan sifat paramagnetiknya.<br />
<br />
Molekul-molekul dengan ikatan elektron gasal biasanya sangat reaktif. Ikatan jenis ini biasanya hanya stabil pada atom-atom yang memiliki elektronegativitas yang sama.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<b><br />Ikatan aromatik</b><br />
Pada kebanyakan kasus, lokasi elektron tidak dapat ditandai dengan menggunakan garis (menandai dua elektron) ataupun titik (menandai elektron tungga). Ikatan aromatik yang terjadi pada molekul yang berbentuk cincin datar menunjukkan stabilitas yang lebih.<br />
<br />
Pada benzena, 18 elektron ikatan mengikat 6 atom karbon bersama membentuk struktur cincin datar. "Orde" ikatan antara dua atom dapat dikatakan sebagai (18/6)/2=1,5 dan seluruh ikatan pada benzena tersebut adalah identik. Ikatan-ikatan ini dapat pula ditulis sebagai ikatan tunggal dan rangkap yang berselingan, namun hal ini kuranglah tepat mengingat ikatan rangkap dan ikatan tunggal memiliki kekuatan ikatan yang berbeda dan tidak identik.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<br />
<b>Ikatan logam</b><br />
Pada ikatan logam, elektron-elektron ikatan terdelokalisasi pada kekisi (lattice) atom. Berbeda dengan senyawa organik, lokasi elektron yang berikat dan muatannya adalah statik. Oleh karena delokalisai yang menyebabkan elektron-elektron dapat bergerak bebas, senyawa ini memiliki sifat-sifat mirip logam dalam hal konduktivitas, duktilitas, dan kekerasan.<br />
Ikatan antarmolekul<br />
<br />
Terdapat empat jenis dasar ikatan yang dapat terbentuk antara dua atau lebih molekul, ion, ataupun atom. Gaya antarmolekul menyebabkan molekul saling menarik atau menolak satu sama lainnya. Seringkali hal ini menentukan sifat-sifat fisik sebuah zat (seperti pada titik leleh).<b></b></div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<b><br />Dipol permanen ke dipol permanen</b><br />
Perbedaan elektronegativitas yang bersar antara dua atom yang berikatan dengan kuat menyebabkan terbentuknya dipol (dwikutub). Dipol-dipol ini akan saling tarik-menarik ataupun tolak-menolak.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<br />
<b>Ikatan hidrogen</b><br />
Ikatan hidrogen bisa dikatakan sebagai dipol permanen yang sangat kuat seperti yang dijelaskan di atas. Namun, pada ikatan hidrogen, proton hidrogen berada sangat dekat dengan atom penderma elektron dan mirip dengan ikatan tiga-pusat dua-elektron seperti pada diborana. Ikatan hidrogen menjelaskan titik didih zat cair yang relatif tinggi seperti air, ammonia, dan hidrogen fluorida jika dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang lebih berat lainnya pada kolom tabel periodik yang sama.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<b><br />Dipol seketika ke dipol terimbas (van der Waals)</b><br />
Dipol seketika ke dipol terimbas, atau gaya van der Waals, adalah ikatan yang paling lemah, namun sering dijumpai di antara semua zat-zat kimia. Misalnya atom helium, pada satu titik waktu, awan elektronnya akan terlihat tidak seimbang dengan salah satu muatan negatif berada di sisi tertentu. Hal ini disebut sebagai dipol seketika (dwikutub seketika). Dipol ini dapat menarik maupun menolak elektron-elektron helium lainnya, dan menyebabkan dipol lainnya. Kedua atom akan seketika saling menarik sebelum muatannya diseimbangkan kembali untuk kemudian berpisah.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<br />
<b>Interaksi kation-pi</b> </div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Interaksi kation-pi terjadi di antara muatan negatif yang terlokalisasi dari elektron-elektron pada orbital \pi dengan muatan positif.<br />
Elektron pada ikatan kimia<br />
<br />
Banyak senyawa-senyawa sederhana yang melibatkan ikatan-ikatan kovalen. Molekul-molekul ini memiliki struktur yang dapat diprediksi dengan menggunakan teori ikatan valensi, dan sifat-sfiat atom yang terlibat dapat dipahami menggunakan konsep bilangan oksidasi. Senyawa lain yang mempunyai struktur ion dapat dipahami dengan menggunakan teori-teori fisika klasik.<br />
<br />
Pada kasus ikatan ion, elektron pada umumnya terlokalisasi pada atom tertentu, dan elektron-elektron todal bergerak bebas di antara atom-atom. Setiap atom ditandai dengan muatan listrik keseluruhan untuk membantu pemahaman kita atas konsep distribusi orbital molekul. Gaya antara atom-atom secara garis besar dikarakterisasikan dengan potensial elektrostatik kontinum (malaran) isotropik.<br />
<br />
Sebaliknya pada ikatan kovalen, rapatan elektron pada sebuah ikatan tidak ditandai pada atom individual, namun terdelokalisasikan pada MO di antara atom-atom. Teori kombinasi linear orbital yang diterima secara umum membantu menjelaskan struktur orbital dan energi-energinya berdasarkan orbtial-orbital dari atom-atom molekul. Tidak seperti ikatan ion, ikatan kovalen bisa memiliki sifat-sifat anisotropik, dan masing-masing memiliki nama-nama tersendiri seperti ikatan sigma dan ikatan pi.<br />
<br />
Atom-atom juga dapat membentuk ikatan-ikatan yang memiliki sifat-sifat antara ikatan ion dan kovalen. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena definisi didasari pada delokalisasi elektron. Elektron-elektron dapat secara parsial terdelokalisasi di antara atom-atom. Ikatan sejenis ini biasanya disebut sebagai ikatan polar kovalen. Lihat pula elektronegativitas.<br />
<br />
Oleh karena itu, elektron-elektron pada orbital molekul dapat dikatakan menjadi terlokalisasi pada atom-atom tertentu atau terdelokalisasi di antara dua atau lebih atom. Jenis ikatan antara dua tom ditentukan dari seberapa besara rapatan elektron tersebut terlokalisasi ataupun terdelokalisasi pada ikatan antar atom.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-49449481576308331502012-11-28T20:22:00.000-08:002012-11-28T20:22:05.166-08:00'endless love' Mariah carey<div style="color: purple;">
My love,
<br />There's only you in my life
<br />The only thing that's bright
<br />
<br />My first love,
<br />You're every breath that I take
<br />You're every step I make
<br />
<br />And I
<br />(I-I-I-I-I)
<br />I want to share
<br />All my love with you
<br />No one else will do...
<br />
<br />And your eyes
<br />Your eyes, your eyes
<br />They tell me how much you care
<br />Ooh yes, you will always be
<br />My endless love
<br />
<br />Two hearts,
<br />Two hearts that beat as one
<br />Our lives have just begun
<br />
<br />Forever
<br />(Ohhhhhh)
<br />I'll hold you close in my arms
<br />I can't resist your charms<span class="b-lyrics-from-signature"></span>
<br />And love
<br />Oh, love
<br />I'll be a fool
<br />For you,
<br />I'm sure
<br />You know I don't mind
<br />Oh, you know I don't mind
<br />
<br />'Cause you,
<br />You mean the world to me
<br />Oh
<br />I know
<br />I know
<br />I've found in you
<br />My endless love
<br />
<br />Oooh-woow
<br />Boom, boom
<br />Boom, boom, boom, boom, booom
<br />Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom
<br />
<br />Oooh, and love
<br />Oh, love
<br />I'll be that fool
<br />For you,
<br />I'm sure
<br />You know I don't mind
<br />Oh you know-
<br />I don't mind
<br />
<br />And, YES
<br />You'll be the only one
<br />'Cause NO one can deny
<br />This love I have inside
<br />And I'll give it all to you
<br />My love
<br />My love, my love
<br />My endless love</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-16297296495572873862012-11-26T22:12:00.000-08:002012-12-03T21:44:08.784-08:00KOLOID<div style="color: purple; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
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<![endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PENGERTIAN</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem
koloid</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (selanjutnya disingkat
"koloid" saja) merupakan suatu bentuk campuran (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sistem_dispersi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sistem dispersi (halaman belum tersedia)">sistem
dispersi</a>) dua atau lebih zat yang bersifat homogen namun memiliki
ukuran partikel terdispersi yang cukup besar (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_-_100_nm&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 - 100 nm (halaman belum tersedia)">1 - 100 nm</a>),
sehingga terkena <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efek_Tyndall&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Efek Tyndall (halaman belum tersedia)">efek
Tyndall</a>. Bersifat homogen berarti partikel terdispersi tidak
terpengaruh oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya" title="Gaya">gaya</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi">gravitasi</a> atau gaya lain yang dikenakan
kepadanya; sehingga tidak terjadi pengendapan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: purple; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>MACAM-MACAM KOLOID </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Koloid
memiliki bentuk bermacam-macam, tergantung dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fase" title="Fase">fase</a>
zat pendispersi dan zat terdispersinya. Beberapa jenis koloid:</span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">
</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a> yang memiliki zat pendispersi berupa
gas. Aerosol yang memiliki zat terdispersi cair disebut aerosol cair
(contoh: kabut dan awan) sedangkan yang memiliki zat terdispersi padat
disebut aerosol padat (contoh: asap dan debu dalam udara).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sol&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sol (halaman belum tersedia)">Sol</a>
Sistem koloid dari partikel padat yang terdispersi dalam zat cair.
(Contoh: Air sungai, sol sabun, sol detergen dan tinta).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsi" title="Emulsi">Emulsi</a> Sistem koloid dari zat cair yang
terdispersi dalam zat cair lain, namun kedua zat cair itu tidak saling
melarutkan. (Contoh: santan, susu, mayonaise, dan minyak ikan).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buih" title="Buih">Buih</a> Sistem Koloid dari gas yang terdispersi
dalam zat cair. (Contoh: pada pengolahan bijih logam, alat pemadam
kebakaran, kosmetik dan lainnya).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">Gel</a>
sistem koloid kaku atau setengah padat dan setengah cair. (Contoh:
agar-agar, Lem).</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Perbedaan larutan sejati,
sistem koloid, dan suspensi kasar.</b></span></div>
<span style="color: black;">Keterangan:</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
1. Larutan sejati</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
2. Sistem koloid</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
3. Suspensi Kasar</span><br />
<br style="color: black;" />
<span style="color: black;">
Jumlah fase</span><span style="color: black;">
</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
1. 1</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
2. 2</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
3. 2</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
Distribusi partikel</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
1. Homogen</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
2. Heterogen</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
3. Heterogen</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
Ukuran partikel</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
1. <10-7>10-5cm</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
Penyaringan</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
1. Tidak dapat disaring</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
2. Tidak dapat disaring, kecuali dengan penyaring ultra</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
3. Dapat disaring</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
Kestabilan</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
1. Stabil, tidak memisah</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
2. Stabil, tidak memisah</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
3. Tidak stabil, memisah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br />
<b>Contoh</b><br />
<span style="color: black;">1. Larutan gula, larutan garam, Udara bersih</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
2. Tepung kanji dalam air, Mayones, Debu di udara</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
3. Campuran pasir dan air, Sel darah merah dan plasma putih dalam plasma darah.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="color: black;">
</span></div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-54220582405392507692012-11-25T20:59:00.000-08:002012-11-25T20:59:24.136-08:00Chistina Perri 'a thousand year'<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: purple; text-align: center;">
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Heart beats fast<br />
Colors and promises<br />
How to be brave<br />
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For a thousand years<br />
I'll love you for a thousand more<br />
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For a thousand years<br />
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I'll love you for a thousand more<br />
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One step closer<br />
I have died everyday waiting for you<br />
Darling don't be afraid I have loved you<br />
For a thousand years<br />
I'll love you for a thousand more<br />
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I have loved you for a thousand years<br />
I'll love you for a thousand more</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-90954297760303045352012-11-25T18:32:00.003-08:002012-11-25T18:35:36.579-08:00ATOM<div style="color: purple;">
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<![endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Atom</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> adalah suatu satuan dasar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi" title="Materi"><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">materi</span></span></a>,
yang terdiri atas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom"><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">inti atom</span></span></a> serta awan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron"><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elektron</span></span></a>
bermuatan negatif yang mengelilinginya.</span></div>
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atom berasal dari </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bahasa
Yunani</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
(ἄτομος/átomos, α-τεμνω), yang berarti tidak dapat dipotong ataupun sesuatu
yang tidak dapat dibagi-bagi lagi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep
bahwa materi terdiri dari satuan-satuan terpisah yang tidak dapat dibagi lagi
menjadi satuan yang lebih kecil telah ada selama satu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium" title="Milenium"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">milenium</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Namun, pemikiran tersebut masihlah bersifat
abstrak dan filosofis, daripada berdasarkan pengamatan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiris" title="Empiris"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">empiris</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksperimen" title="Eksperimen"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">eksperimen</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Secara
filosofis, deskripsi sifat-sifat atom bervariasi tergantung pada budaya dan
aliran filosofi tersebut, dan seringkali pula mengandung unsur-unsur spiritual
di dalamnya. Walaupun demikian, pemikiran dasar mengenai atom dapat diterima
oleh para ilmuwan ribuan tahun kemudian, karena ia secara elegan dapat
menjelaskan penemuan-penemuan baru pada bidang kimia.</span></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada
tahun 1803, </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">John
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menggunakan konsep atom untuk menjelaskan mengapa unsur-unsur selalu bereaksi
dalam perbandingan yang bulat dan tetap, serta mengapa gas-gas tertentu lebih
larut dalam air dibandingkan dengan gas-gas lainnya. Ia mengajukan pendapat
bahwa setiap unsur mengandung atom-atom tunggal unik, dan atom-atom tersebut
selanjutnya dapat bergabung untuk membentuk senyawa-senyawa kimia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Walaupun
awalnya kata <i>atom</i> berarti suatu partikel yang tidak dapat
dipotong-potong lagi menjadi partikel yang lebih kecil, dalam terminologi ilmu
pengetahuan modern, atom tersusun atas berbagai </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikel_subatom" title="Partikel subatom"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">partikel subatom</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Partikel-partikel penyusun atom
ini adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elektron</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton" title="Proton"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">proton</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">neutron</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Namun </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hidrogen-1</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> tidak mempunyai neutron. Demikian
pula halnya pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_hidrogen" title="Ion hidrogen"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ion hidrogen</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> positif H<sup>+</sup>. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-6757412889456420182012-11-18T22:36:00.002-08:002012-11-18T22:36:46.490-08:00KSP (hasil kali kelarutan)<!--[if !mso]>
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<div style="color: purple;">
Pada larutan jenuh terjadi kesetimbangan antara ion-ion dengan zat yang
tidak larut. Proses ini terjadi dengan laju reaksi yang sama sehingga terjadi
reaksi kesetimbangan. Contohnya reaksi kesetimbangan pada larutan jenuh CaC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4
</sub>dalam air adalah:</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
CaC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4<em>(s)</em></sub> ↔ Ca<sup>2+</sup> <em><sub>(aq)</sub></em>
+ C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4<em>(aq)</em></sub></div>
<span style="color: purple;">
</span>
<div style="color: purple;">
<a href="http://fauzanagazali.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/konstanta-kesetimbangan.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span></span></a>Oleh karena CaC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> yang larut dalam air sangat kecil
maka konsentrasi CaC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>dianggap tetap. Sesuai dengan
harga K untuk kesetimbangan heterogen, konstanta reaksi ini dapat ditulis:</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
<strong>Ksp = [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] [C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>]</strong></div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Ksp atau konstanta hasil kali kelarutan adalah hasil kali konsentrasi
ion-ion dalam larutan jenuh, dipangkatkan masing-masing koefisien reaksinya.</div>
<span style="color: purple;">
</span>
<div style="color: purple;">
<a href="http://fauzanagazali.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/harga-ksp-beberapa-senyawa.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span></span></a>Jadi, Ksp merupakan batas maksimal hasil kali konsentrasi ion-ion
dalam larutan jenuh elektrolit yang sukar larut dalam air.</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
Dalam
perhitungan-perhitungan, jika hasil kali konsentrasi ion-ion (Qc):</div>
<span style="color: purple;">
</span><div style="color: purple;">
1. Qc < Ksp :berarti larutan belum jenuh;</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
2. Qc = Ksp :berarti larutan tepat jenuh;</div>
<div style="color: purple;">
3. Qc > Ksp :berarti larutan lewat jenuh dan terjadi pengendapan
garamnya.</div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-70099852390106264192012-11-18T20:36:00.000-08:002012-11-18T20:36:38.093-08:00NOAH 'Hidup Untukmu Mati Tanpamu'<div style="color: purple;">
</div>
<div id="lyrictab" style="color: purple;">
<ul id="lyrictab-show">
<li class="tab" id="ltab_lyric" style="display: block;"><span>
<div class="artistname print">
<b><a class="font-title-link" href="http://musiklib.org/Noah-Lirik_Lagu.htm"><br /></a></b></div>
<div style="float: left; width: 390px;">
<div style="width: 300px;">
<img height="1" src="http://id.effectivemeasure.net/emnb_18_12234.gif" style="position: absolute;" width="1" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="print">
Begitu banyak hal yang ku alami, yang ku temui<br />Saat bersamamu ku rasa senang, ku rasa sedih<br />Air mata ini menyadarkanku<br />Kau takkan pernah jadi milikku<br /><br />Air mata ini menyadarkanku<br />Kau takkan pernah menjadi milikku<br />Tak pernah ku mengerti aku segila ini<br />Aku hidup untukmu, aku mati tanpamu<br /><br />Tak pernah ku sadari aku sebodoh ini<br />Aku hidup untukmu, aku mati tanpamu<br />Air mata ini menyadarkanku oooh<br />Kau takkan pernah menjadi milikku ooo<br /><br />Tak pernah ku mengerti aku segila ini<br />Aku hidup untukmu, aku mati tanpamu<br />Tak pernah ku sadari aku sebodoh ini<br />Aku hidup untukmu, aku mati tanpamu<br />
</div>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-56864036566386916432012-11-18T20:05:00.000-08:002012-11-18T20:05:09.831-08:00one direction 'one thing'<div style="color: purple;">
I’ve tried playing it cool<br />But when I’m looking at you<br />I can’t ever be brave<br />‘Cause you make my heart race<br /><br />Shot me out of the sky<br />You’re my kryptonite<br />You keep making me weak<br />Yeah, frozen and can’t breathe<br /><br />Something’s gotta give now<br />‘Cause I’m dying just to make you see<br />That I need you here with me now<br />‘Cause you’ve got that one thing<br /><br />So get out, get out, get out of my head<br />And fall into my arms instead<br />I don’t, I don’t, don’t know what it is<br />But I need that one thing<br />And you’ve got that one thing<br /><br />Now I’m climbing the walls<br />But you don’t notice at all<br />That I’m going out of my mind<br />All day and all night<br /><br />Something’s gotta give now<br />‘Cause I’m dying just to know your name<br />And I need you here with me now<br />‘Cause you’ve got that one thing<br /><br />So get out, get out, get out of my head<br />And fall into my arms instead<br />I don’t, I don’t, don’t know what it is<br />But I need that one thing<br /><br />So get out, get out, get out of my mind<br />And come on, come into my life<br />I don’t, I don’t, don’t know what it is<br />But I need that one thing<br />And you’ve got that one thing<br /><br />You’ve got that one thing<br /><br />Get out, get out, get out of my head<br />And fall into my arms instead<br /><br />So get out, get out, get out of my head<br />And fall into my arms instead<br />I don’t, I don’t, don’t know what it is<br />But I need that one thing<br /><br />So get out, get out, get out of my mind<br />And come on, come into my life<br />I don’t, I don’t, don’t know what it is<br />But I need that one thing<br />And you’ve got that one thing</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-82490260019426992822012-11-18T19:59:00.002-08:002012-11-25T18:36:21.176-08:00Bahan Kimia dalam Industri<div style="color: purple;">
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Bahan
Kimia dalam Semen</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Bahan baku utama untuk membuat
semen adalah batu kapur, batu gamping,dan lempung. Adapun bahan baku yang
ditambahkan untuk membuat semen adalah bauksit (bijih alumunium), bijih besi,
dan pasir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Dalam bahan baku semen tersebut
terdapat senyawa kimia trikalsium silikat, dikalsium silikat, kalsium aluminat,
dan tetrakalsium aluminoferat. Selain itu, terdapat senyawa kalsium oksida
(CaO), silikon dioksida (SiO<sub>2</sub>), aluminium oksida (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>),
dan besi (III) oksida (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Semen digunakan sebagai bahan utama
untuk membuat bangunan. Semen mempunyai sifat yang mudah merekat dengan pasir
dan batu bata serta memiliki sifat yang kuat sehingga mampu menahan tekanan
yang tinggi. Semen yang telah dicampur dengan air, pasir, dan kerikil lambat
laun akan mengeras. Daya rekat semen ini disebabkan adanya daya ikat antara ion
kalsium, ion silikat, dan molekul air.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Bahan
Kimia dalam Cat</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cat digunakan untuk memperindah
ruangan dengan warna-warna yang menarik. Cat yang biasanya dipakai adalah cat
kayu dan cat tembok. Daya lekat antara cat tembok dan cat kayu berbeda. Cat
kayu mempunyai daya rekat yang lebih kuat daripada cat tembok. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Bahan
kimia yang terdapat <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam cat antara
lain :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Zat
pengikat;</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> Contohnya biji rami, lateks
(akrilik dan polivinal asetat)resin, fenolik, resin alkid, vinil asetat, resin
akrilik, alkohol polivinil, silikon, resin epoksi, poliuretan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Zat
pelarut;</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> berdasarkan zat pelarut cat
terbagi 2 yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 99pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cat
air.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 99pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cat
minyak.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Pewarna
</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">(pigmen)</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">; adalah
material berwarna tidak tembus cahaya yang ada didalam cat.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
Contoh pigmen: Pigmen putih seperti Titanium oksida (TiO<sub>2</sub>), seng
oksida (ZnO<sub>2</sub>), dan barium sulfat (BaSO<sub>4</sub>). Pigmen
berwarna, misalnya Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>,
dan Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Tiner
(thinners); </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Zat-zat ini antara lain : bezena
dan naftalena. Zat ini mudah menguap dan terbakar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Zat-zat
tambahan; </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">merupakan zat yang ditambahkan
pada cat. Pada umumya berupa pengering (dries) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">è</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
mempercepat oksidasi bahan cat dengan oksigen sehingga cat cepat kering.
Pemantap </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">è</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
menetralkan sinar radiasi ultraviolet dari sinar matahari. Bahan pengisi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">è</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
menjaga agar sifat fisik dan sifat mekanik cat setelah kering tidak berubah
sehingga lapisan cat tidak retak dan tahan goresan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 81pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Bahan
Kimia Dalam Kertas</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Proses pembuatan kertas yaitu
bahan baku (merang kayu) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">è</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
pulp </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">è</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
kertas. Pulp adalah bahan kertas yang sudah bersih selolusenya. Ada tiga proses
pembuatan pulp, yaitu : proses mekanik, proses semikimia, dan proses kimia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Senyawa kimia yang digunakan
dalam pembuatan kertas antara lain : Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH), Natrium Sulfida
(Na<sub>2</sub>S), dan Natrium Karbonat (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-63565541470386599622012-11-18T19:46:00.002-08:002012-11-18T19:46:34.243-08:00Kebijakan Publik<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 17.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 17.0pt;">Pengertian
Kebijakan Publik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 17.0pt;">Kebijakan
publik berasal dari bahasa Yunani yaitu polis yang berarti negara atau kota,
sedang dari bahasa Inggris yanitu policy yang berarti kebijaksanaan atau kearifan.
Kata publik berasal dari bahasa Inggris yaitu public yang berarti umum,
masyarakat atau negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 17.0pt;">Kebijakan
Publik adalah proses pembuatan kebijakan oleh pemerintah atau pemegang
kekuasaan yang berdampak kepada masyarakat luas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Proses
Perumusan dan Pelaksanaan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kebijakan Publik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Proses
perumusan kebijakan publik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 16.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Menurut
William N. Dunn perumusan kebijakan publik dapat dilakukan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>melalui beberapa tahap, sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Penyusunan
agenda</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Pada
tahap ini para pejabat yang di pilih dan di angkat hendaknya <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menempatkan penyusunan agenda sebagai agenda
bersama. Tanpa adanya penyusunan agenda bersama di khawatirkan banyak masalah
yang tidak tersentuh sama sekali atau tertunda dalam waktu yang lama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Formulasi
kebijakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Pada tahap ini
para pejabat merumuskan suatu alternatif<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>kebijakan untuk mengatasi masalah. Alternatif kebijakan melihat perlunya
membuat perintah eksekutif, keputusan peradilan dan tindakan legislatif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Adopsi
kebijakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Pada tahap ini,
alternatif kebijakan yang di adopsi dengan dukungan dari mayoritas legislatif,
konsensus di antara direktur lembaga atau keputusan peradilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Implementasi kebijakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Pada tahap ini
kebijakan yang telah di ambil di laksanakan oleh unit-unit teknis pemerintah
dengan mendayagunakan sumber daya finansial dan manusia. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Penilaian
kebijakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Pada tahap ini
unit-unit pemeriksaan dalam pemerintahan menentukan apakah badan-badan
eksekutif, legislatif dan peradilan memenuhi persyaratan undang-undang dalam
pembuatan kebijakan dan pencapaian tujuan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pelaksanaan
kebijakan publik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Respon
positif, tindakan masyarakat yang mencerminkan tindakan ini di antaranya :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Menyampaikan
usul dan saran dalam bentuk lisan atau tulisan sesuai dengan rancangan
terselenggaranya peraturan tersebut yang akan ditujukan kepada pemda atau DPRD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Mendukung
terselenggaranya penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Mendiskusikan
rancangan peraturan tersebut dan hasilnya disampaikan kepada pemda atau DPRD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Memberikan
dorongan moral kepada peserta sidang yang sedng merumuskan dan menetapkan
peraturan tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Respon
antisipatif, dalam respon ini orang mengetahui kemungkinan yang terjadi dengan
diterapkannya suatu peraturan tertentu. Ia berusaha tidak menolak atau menerima
tetapi berusaha agar tidak terkena sanksi hukum atas pelaksaan perturan
tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Respon
negatif, dalam proses ini biasanya orang akan menolak. Hal ini karena ia
menganggap bahwa suatu peraturan tertentu yang akan diterapkan akan merugikan
dirinya, maka ia bersikap menolak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-82302304408891980402012-10-30T02:04:00.001-07:002012-10-30T02:04:14.619-07:00lirik lagu 'Dia' Sammy SimorangkirDia hanya dia di duniaku<br />Dia hanya dia di mataku<br />Dunia terasa telah menghilang<br />Tanpa ada dia di hidupku<br />Sungguh sebuah tanya yang terindah<br />Bagaimana dia merengkuh sadarku<br />Tak perlu ku bermimpi yang indah<br />Karena ada dia di hidupku<br />Ku ingin dia yang sempurna (yang sempurna)<br />Untuk diriku yang biasa (yang biasa)<br />Ku ingin hatinya, ku ingin cintanya<br />Ku ingin semua yang ada pada dirinya<br />Ku hanya manusia biasa (yang biasa)<br />Tuhan bantu ku tuk berubah (untuk berubah)<br />Tuk miliki dia, tuk bahagiakannya<br />Tuk menjadi seorang yang sempurna untuk dia<br />Ku ingin dia yang sempurna (yang sempurna)<br />Untuk diriku yang biasa<br />Ku ingin hatinya, ku ingin cintanya<br />Ku ingin semua yang ada pada dirinya<br />Ku hanya manusia biasa (yang biasa)<br />Tuhan bantu ku tuk berubah (tuk berubah)<br />Tuk miliki dia, tuk bahagiakannya<br />Tuk menjadi seorang yang sempurna untuk diaAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-61469915787105797842012-10-30T01:49:00.000-07:002012-10-30T02:05:03.321-07:00Lirik and Video Super Junior 'No Other'<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxKmqLjOa_aHhadyMDCo-lSUntXM6OpbyIW3eg6ad7xKw_AOCNBC3xx8kMZio_3vYgj6wEma1HqckEOBzmq9g' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
[Siwon]<br />
Neo gateun saram tto eopseo<br />
juwireul dureobwado geujeo georeohdeongeol<br />
eodiseo channi<br />
Neo gatchi joheun saram neo gatchi joheun saram neo gatchi joheun ma eum neo gatchi joheun seonmul<br />
[Yesung]<br />
Neomu dahaeng iya aesseo neorel jikyeojul geu sarami baro naraseo eodiseo channi Na gatchi haengbokhan nom na gatchi haengbokhan nom na gatchi unneun geureon choegoro haengbokhan nom<br />
[Ryeowook]<br />
Neoui ttatteuthan geu soni chagapge, chagapge shikeo isseul ttae Neoui ganghaetdeon geu maeumi nal karopge sangcheo badasseul ttae<br />
[Donghae]<br />
Naega jaba julge anajulge salmyeoshi, geugeoseuro jakeun iroman dwendamyeon johgesseo Eonjena deo maneun geol haejugo shipeun nae mam neon da mollado dwae<br />
[Kyuhyun]<br />
Gaseumi sorichyeo marhae jayuro-un nae yeonghon<br />
Eonjena cheo-eumui imaeum euro neoreul saranghae georeo watdeon shiganboda nameun nari deo manha<br />
[Heechul]<br />
Neo gateun saram tto eopseo juwireul dureobwado geujeo georeohdeongeol eodiseo channi Neo gatchi joheun saram neo gatchi joheun saram neo gatchi joheun ma eum neo gatchi joheun seonmul<br />
[Eunhyuk]<br />
Neomu dahaeng iya aesseo neorel jikyeojul geu sarami baro naraseo eodiseo channi Na gatchi haengbokhan nom na gatchi haengbokhan nom na gatchi unneun geureon choegoro haengbokhan nom<br />
[Yesung]<br />
Naui ganan haetdeon maeumi nunbushige<br />
jeomjeom byeonhaegal ttae<br />
Jakeun yokshimdeuri deoneun neomchiji anhge nae mamui geureut keojyeogalttae<br />
[Sungmin]<br />
Argo isseo geu modeun iyuneun bunmyeonghi<br />
nega isseo ju-eotdaneun geot geu, geot ttak hana ppun<br />
Eonjena gamsahae naega mankeum geuri jalhal su iggenni yeah<br />
[Leeteuk]<br />
Gaseumi sorichyeo marhae jayuro-un nae yeonghon Eonjena cheo-eumui imaeum euro neoreul saranghae georeo watdeon shiganboda nameun nari deo manha<br />
[Ryeowook]<br />
Neo gateun saram tto eopseo juwireul dureobwado geujeo georeohdeongeol eodiseo channi Neo gatchi joheun saram neo gatchi joheun saram neo gatchi joheun ma eum neo gatchi joheun seonmul<br />
[Heechul]<br />
Neomu dahaeng iya aesseo neorel jikyeojul geu sarami baro naraseo eodiseo channi Na gatchi haengbokhan nom na gatchi haengbokhan nom na gatchi unneun geureon choegoro haengbokhan nom<br />
Rap:<br />
[Eunhyuk]<br />
Itjanha jogeum aju jogeum na sujupjiman neon molla sokeun taeyangboda tteugeoweo nae mam jom arajweo<br />
TV show-e na oneun girl deureun mudae- eseo bichi nandedo neon eonjena nunbushyeo<br />
Rap :<br />
([Shindong] naega michyeo michyeo baby)<br />
Saranghandan neoui mare sesangeuk da gajin nan You & I, You’re so fine neo gateun saram isseulkka<br />
Rap:<br />
[Shindong]<br />
Saranghae oh, negeneun ojik neoppun iran geol babo gateun na- egeneun jeonburaneungeol arajweo<br />
[Kyuhyun]<br />
Gateun gireul georeo wasseo urin seoro dalpagago itjanha nolla-ul ppuniya goma-ul ppuniya saranghal ppuniya<br />
[Sungmin]<br />
Neo gateun saram tto eopseo juwireul dureobwado geujeo georeohdeongeol eodiseo channi Neo gatchi joheun saram neo gatchi joheun saram neo gatchi joheun ma eum neo gatchi joheun seonmul<br />
[Siwon]<br />
Neomu dahaeng iya aesseo neorel jikyeojul geu sarami baro naraseo eodiseo channi Na gatchi haengbokhan nom na gatchi haengbokhan nom na gatchi unneun geureon choegoro haengbokhan nom<br />
[Ryeowook]<br />
Neo gateun saram tto eobseoAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-30132010328620933512012-10-30T01:31:00.003-07:002012-10-30T01:52:26.890-07:00lirik lagu Cakra 'Harus Berakhir'Sendiri, sendiri ku diam, diam dan merenung<br />
Merenungkan jalan yang kan membawaku pergi<br />
Pergi tuk menjauh, menjauh darimu<br />
Darimu yang mulai berhenti<br />
Berhenti mencoba, mencoba bertahan<br />
Bertahan untuk terus bersamaku<br />
<br />
Ku berlari kau terdiam<br />
Ku menangis kau tersenyum<br />
Ku berduka kau bahagia<br />
Ku pergi kau kembali<br />
<br />
Ku coba meraih mimpi<br />
Kau coba 'tuk hentikan mimpi<br />
Memang kita takkan menyatu<br />
<br />
Bayangkan.. bayangkan ku hilang, hilang tak kembali<br />
Kembali untuk mempertanyakan lagi cinta<br />
Cintamu yang mungkin, mungkin tak berarti<br />
Berarti untuk ku rindukan<br />
<br />
Ku berlari kau terdiam<br />
Ku menangis kau tersenyum<br />
Ku berduka kau bahagia<br />
Ku pergi kau kembali<br />
<br />
Ku coba meraih mimpi<br />
Kau coba 'tuk hentikan mimpi<br />
Memang kita takkan menyatu<br />
Ini harusnya kita coba saling melupakan<br />
Lupakan, lupakan kita pernah saling bersama<br />
<br />
Ku berlari kau terdiam<br />
Ku menangis kau tersenyum<br />
Ku berduka kau bahagia<br />
Ku pergi kau kembali<br />
<br />
Ku coba meraih mimpi<br />
Kau coba 'tuk hentikan mimpi<br />
Memang kita takkan menyatuAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07491155544028151196noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3151019575302564936.post-65370955799125100882012-10-29T23:16:00.002-07:002012-10-29T23:16:28.676-07:00Indikator Asam Basa<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1. Indikator Asam Basa</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
Dalam titrasi </span><a href="http://budisma.web.id/materi/sma/kimia-kelas-xi/latihan-contoh-soal-dan-jawaban-larutan-asam-basa/" title="Latihan contoh soal dan jawaban larutan asam basa"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">asam basa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">, zat-zat yang bereaksi umumnya
tidak berwarna sehingga Anda tidak tahu kapan titik stoikiometri tercapai.
Misalnya, larutan HCl dan larutan NaOH, keduanya tidak berwarna dan setelah
bereaksi, larutan NaCl yang terbentuk juga tidak berwarna. Untuk menandai bahwa
titik setara pada titrasi telah dicapai digunakan indikator atau penunjuk.
Indikator ini harus berubah warna pada saat titik setara tercapai. Apakah
indikator asam basa itu? Indikator asam basa adalah <i>petunjuk tentang
perubahan pH dari suatu larutan asam atau basa</i>. Indikator bekerja
berdasarkan perubahan warna indikator pada rentang pH tertentu. Anda tentu
mengenal kertas lakmus, yaitu salah satu indikator asam basa. Lakmus merah
berubah warna menjadi biru jika dicelupkan ke dalam larutan basa. Lakmus biru
berubah menjadi merah jika dicelupkan ke dalam larutan asam. Terdapat beberapa
indikator yang memiliki trayek perubahan warna cukup akurat akibat pH larutan
berubah, seperti <i>indikator metil jingga</i>, <i>metil merah</i>, <i>fenolftalein</i>,
<i>alizarin kuning</i>, dan <i>brom timol biru</i>. Untuk mengetahui pada pH
berapa suatu indikator berubah warna (trayek pH indikator).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Indikator asam basa umumnya berupa
molekul organik yang bersifat asam lemah dengan rumus HIn. Indikator memberikan
warna tertentu ketika ion H+ dari larutan asam terikat pada molekul HIn dan
berbeda warna ketika ion H+ dilepaskan dari molekul HIn menjadi In–. Salah satu
indikator asam basa adalah fenolftalein (PP), indikator ini banyak digunakan
karena harganya murah. Indikator PP tidak berwarna dalam bentuk HIn (asam) dan
berwarna merah jambu dalam bentuk In– (basa).</span></div>
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Identifikasi larutan di laboratorium dapat menggunakan empat
jenis larutan <a href="http://jejaringkimia.blogspot.com/2009/12/indikator-asam-basa.html">indikator</a>,
yaitu larutan fenolftalein, metil merah, metil jingga, dan bromtimol biru.
Larutan indikator ini tidak seperti indikator lakmus yang mudah penggunaannya.
Warna-warna yang terjadi pada larutan indikator jika dimasukkan ke dalam
larutan asam dan basa, agak sulit diingat. Sebagai contoh, larutan
fenolftalein. Pada lingkungan asam, larutan fenolftalein tidak berwarna, di
lingkungan basa berwarna merah, sedangkan di lingkungan netral tidak berwarna.
Berarti, untuk membedakan apakah suatu larutan bersifat asam atau netral, tidak
cukup hanya dengan menggunakan larutan fenolftalein.<br />
<br />
Larutan metil merah dapat membedakan antara larutan asam dengan larutan netral.
Larutan asam yang ditetesi metil merah akan tetap berwarna merah, sedangkan
larutan netral berwarna kuning. Akan tetapi, metil merah juga akan menyebabkan
larutan basa berwarna kuning, Berarti, untuk mengetahui apakah suatu larutan
bersifat basa atau netral kita tidak dapat menggunakan metil merah. Untuk lebih
jelasnya, perhatikan tabel warna larutan berikut ini.<br />
<br />
Warna Larutan <a href="http://jejaringkimia.blogspot.com/2009/12/indikator-asam-basa.html">Indikator</a>
pada Lingkungan Asam, Basa, dan Netral :<br />
<b>1. Fenolftalein</b><br />
Asam : tidak berwarna; Basa : merah; Netral: tidak berwarna<br />
<b>2. Metil merah</b><br />
Asam : merah; Basa : kuning; Netral : kuning<br />
<b>3. Metil jingga</b><br />
Asam : merah; Basa : kuning; Netral : Kuning<br />
<b>4. Bromtimol biru</b><br />
Asam : Kuning; Basa : Biru; Netral : Biru agak kuning</div>
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